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Vets 1018 > first aid in dogs and cats > Flashcards

first aid in dogs and cats Flashcards

1
Q

basic first aid is

A

treatment performed before the pet gets to a vet for defintive care

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2
Q

priority is

A

safety of all parties involved

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3
Q

DR ABC

A

danger
response
airway
breathing
circulation

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4
Q

danger

A
  • to any party involved
  • scan environment for hazards
  • approach calmly and cautiously
  • animals may be painful/ terrified
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5
Q

response

A
  • level of consciousness (LOC)
  • responsive to movement/ touch/ sound
  • if trauma suspected; spinal injuries?
  • decreased LOC; may still bite
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6
Q

airway

A
  • in non responsive check airway
  • increased noise? prolonged phase?
  • lower mandible, pull tongue
  • 2 finger swipe (5s) remove foreign material
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7
Q

breathing
- what is ventilation, how do you calculate
- what is apnoea
- what is agonal

A
  • ventilation= amount of air in and out= resp rate/ min x volume
  • apnoea= no breathing
  • agonal breathing= infrequent gasping, unconscious
  • apnoea/ agonal + unconscious –> start CPR
  • watch rate, listen for noises, look for depth
  • head/neck extended? elbows out?
  • are gums purple or blue?
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8
Q

circulation

A
  • signs of altered perfusion? may be shock
  • decreased LOC
  • abnormal mucous membrane colour and CRT
  • weak pulse
  • feet cold
  • if no pulse + unconscious + apnoeic/ agonal –> CPR
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9
Q

what perfusion parameters tell us about circulation

A
  • mentation changes
  • mucous membrane colour
  • CRT
  • heart rate (not always equal to pulse rate)
  • pulse quality
  • extremity temp

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10
Q

what is shock?
whats a common type of shock

A

any state where cell metabolic demands are not met
- results in cumulative oxygen debt and organ dysfunction
- circulatory shock = inadequate perfusion –> insufficient flow
- circulatory shock v common type

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11
Q

Dr abcD, what does D stand for

A

disability
ie mentation/ LOC, pupils, posture, seizures, paresis/ paralysis

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12
Q

other indications for immediate care

A
  • large firm bladder or rapidly distending abdomen
  • uterine or rectal prolapse, priapism
  • open fractures
  • haemorrhage
  • labor/ dystocia
  • suspended toxicity
  • temp extremes
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13
Q

what should you do first aid wise if theres a seizure

A
  • don’t get bitten, hands away form mouth
  • move animal away from danger
  • video episode, call vet
  • if epileptic ask owner if they have rescue drugs
  • behaviour changes may occur before and after
  • if lasts longer than 3 mins medical emergency and transport
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14
Q

first aid for fractures

A
  • very painful so muzzle if breathing ok
  • no meds without vet advice
  • if active hemorrhage –> pressure
  • protect from environment, don’t need to splint
  • transport immediately
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15
Q

haemorrhage first aid

A
  • muzzle if breathing ok
  • arterial vs venous
  • direct pressure
  • don’t disrupt clot
  • if bleeds through apply more ON TOP
  • elevate above heart
  • remain calm, call for help for transport
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16
Q

when should a tourniquet be used

A
  • life threatening arterial (pulsatile) haemorrhage only
  • no response to direct pressure
  • likely result in disability/ amputation
  • apply proximally to severe extremity (not neck)
  • use wide material, twist with stick
  • twist until bleeding stops, relieve every 15-20 mins for 15-20 seconds
17
Q

spinal injuries

A
  • don’t get bitten
  • flat board to keep spine in alignment
  • hold in place w straps/ rolled towel
  • don’t apply pressure to neck
  • maintain at 15-30 degrees
  • don’t fight animal that is thrashing
  • transport immediately
18
Q

heatstroke first aid

A
  • heat generated greater than ability to dissipate heat
  • more likely on hot humid days
  • dogs mainly dissipate heat through panting so bracycephalic breeds are high risk
  • cold water for 10-15 mins, get to vet
  • do NOT wrap in wet towels, apply ice packs, hose mouth
19
Q

penetrating foreign bodies first aid

A
  • do not remove object
  • do not apply pressure to/ move object
  • apply padding around object, prevent movement
  • call vet, transport
  • if swallowed fish hoot, secure end of line
20
Q

first aid head trauma

A
  • may be painful, don’t get bitten
  • avoid pressure on ventral neck
  • care manipulating neck
  • spinal precautions
  • transport immediately
21
Q

muzzles

A
  • NOT for breathing changes/ vomiting/ loss of consciousness/ heat
  • commercial vs handmade
  • must be monitored
22
Q

poison/ toxin first aid

A
  • call vet FIRST
  • vomiting indicated if; recent ingestion, appropriate level of consciousness and substance not caustic or sharp
23
Q

what should first aid kit include

A
  • digital thermometer
  • gauze, adhesive
  • light bandage material
  • washing soda crystals
  • gloves
  • bandage scissors
  • tweezers
  • antiseptic cream
  • chlorohexidine scrub
  • irrigation saline
  • tick remover
  • vets number
24
Q

transport

A
  • call ahead
  • ensure safety first
  • drive safely
25
Q

what happens during cardiopulmonary arrest

A
  • heart stops beating effectively, stops breathing effectively
  • loss of blood flow to tissue beds= not enough oxygen to vital organs
  • rapidly causes injury to brain and heart
26
Q

signs of impending arrest

A
  • collapse
  • irregular breathing
  • opisthotonus (stretching out)
  • mydriasis (dilated pupils)
27
Q

signs of arrest

A

sudden collapse/ LOC, no/agonal breaths

28
Q

if arrest occurs, what should you do

A

1) call for help
2) check circulation, airway, breathing (CAB)
3) chest compressions, mouth to snout ventilation
4) transport to vet for more comprehensive care

29
Q

CAB (circulation, airway, breathing) check

A
  • take less than 10-15 s
  • confirm unconscious and agonal/ apnoeic
  • gently shake dog, call name, look for chest wall movement
  • if not responsive, perform visual check of upper airway, remove debris
30
Q

check compressions, how fast and hard

A
  • 100-120 compressions/ min (around 2 per second)
  • half to third of chest depth
  • arms straight, hinge at hips, don’t lean
31
Q

even the best chest compressions only give

A

30% of normal cardiac output

32
Q

cardiac pump theory

A

compressions directly over heart
- whippets (keel chested), small dogs and cats

33
Q

thoracic pump theory

A
  • compressions over widest part of chest
  • obese small dogs, obese cats, big barrel chested dogs
34
Q

mouth to snout ventilation

A
  • firmly hold pets mouth closed
  • extend neck to align w spine
  • make seal over the nostrils w your mouth and blow firmly
  • watch chest inflate as you give breaths
35
Q

single rescuer basic life support (BLS)

A

30:2 technique
- 30 compressions
- 2 breaths

36
Q

two rescuer BLS

A
  • 30 chest compressions
  • other person 2 breaths
  • switch every 2 mins

Vets 1018 (27 decks)

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