establishing general animal health

Question 1

how to tell dogs age

Answer 1

• body shape; fat pads, muscle wastage
• lens opacity
• coat colour
• teeth; puppy teeth 4-6 weeks, lose puppy teeth from 12 weeks, adult teeth by 6 months
• dental wear and disease
• stiffness, hearing loss, behaviour, etc

Question 2

ways to tell dogs reproductive status

Answer 2

• nipples, vulva
• desexing tattoo
• spey suture line

Question 3

normal temps or cats and dogs

Answer 3

37.6-39

Question 4

normal temp for bovine

Answer 4

38-39

Question 5

normal temp for equine

Answer 5

37-38.5

Question 6

high temp

Answer 6

infection, inflammation, cancer, heat stress, scared or agitated

Question 7

low temp

Answer 7

shock or very ill

Question 8

how do u take pulse

Answer 8

gently roll index and middle finger over femoral artery, feel for pulse

Question 9

auscultation (heart rate)

Answer 9

listening to heart w stethoscope or placing hand of chest to feel heartbeat, can get heart rate this way

Question 10

normal canine heart rate

Answer 10

70-120 bpm

Question 11

normal feline heart rate

Answer 11

120-180 bpm

Question 12

normal bovine heart rate

Answer 12

48-84 bpm

Question 13

normal equine heart rate

Answer 13

24-44 bpm

Question 14

high heart rate

Answer 14

ill ,painful, scared

Question 15

low heart rate

Answer 15

shock or v ill, sedated or anesthesia, athletic

Question 16

when listening to heart u can also listen for

Answer 16

• murmur: abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent blood flow in heart
• arrhythmia; irregular or abnormal heart rhythm, can be fast, slow, variable

Question 17

when feeling pulse can also

Answer 17

determine if pulses are synchronous and determine pulse quality; poor, fair, strong (normal), brisk, bounding

Question 18

normal canine resp rate

Answer 18

16-34 br/min

Question 19

normal feline resp rate

Answer 19

20-34 br/min

Question 20

bovine normal resp rate

Answer 20

10-40 br/min

Question 21

equine normal resp rate

Answer 21

8-20 br/min

Question 22

when counting resp rare also note

Answer 22

respiratory effort, deepness, and noises

Question 23

how to assess mucus membranes

Answer 23

• assess colour
• touch for moisture/ tackiness
• CRT (1-2s)

Question 24

mucus membranes are moist membranes that line the body:

Answer 24

gums, conjunctiva, vulva, penis, prepuce

Question 25

pale mucous membrane

Answer 25

low red blood cell count (anaemia) or

peripheral vasoconstriction (blood vessels constrict)

Question 26

cyanotic mucous membranes (blue/purple)

Answer 26

• low oxygen content in blood
• severe heart or resp problem

Question 27

ways to tell hydration status

Answer 27

mucous membranes, tent skin and look at eyes (bright or dull? sunken?)

Question 28

when examining the neck what are you looking at

Answer 28

skin, jugular veins, larynx, trachea, lymph nodes

Question 29

what could lung sounds mean

Answer 29

• wheeze: large airway disease
• crackles: distal lung disease (fluid= oedema/pus)
• Friction “velcro”: pleural disease