First-aid Flashcards
What is Self-Aid?
Emergency treatment applied to ones self
Name some items you might use as a splint from your military equipment
Rifle
Entrenching tool
Tent Poles and stakes
Web Belt
What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?
Tie the broken leg securely to the broken leg
How many pressure points are on the human body?
11
What is the object of first aid?
To stop bleeding
Overcome shock
relieve pain
Prevent infection
What FM covers first aid for soldiers?
FM 4-25.11
What is First Aid?
It is the first care given to casualites before treatment by medical personnel can be made avaliable.
What is the unique feature of type O blood?
It is a universal donor
When would you not expose a casualities clothing to expose a wound?
In a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound.
What soldiers are likely to suffer heat injuries?
Soldiers not accustomed to the heat.
Overweight soldiers
Prior heat casualities
Soldiers already dehydrated from alcohol use, diaherrea or lakc of water intake.
Hoiw high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
2 to 4 inches
What are the life savings steps
M A R C H E
When applying a splint, where should the bandages be tied?
against the splint with knots
Whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty
The casualty’s
How should the ends of an improved pressure dressing be tied?
Tie the ends together in a non slip knot directly over the wound site, DO NOT tie it so tightly that it has a tourniquet like affect.
What is manual pressure
Pressure exerted from using one’s own body weight.
Should a casualty be given water to drink?
He should not be given water to drink
Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?
To protect the wound from further contamination of germs and to control the bleeding.
What should you do to indicate that a casualty has recieved a tourniquet
Mark his forhead with a T and if possible note the time the tourniquet was applied.
Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet
No only qualified medical personal should do that.
Where should the tourniquet be placed?
As high as possible on the extremities
How can you prevent atheletes foot?
Keep your feet clean, change socks regularly, and use foot powder.
Name 3 catagories of heat injuries
Heat Cramps
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Stroke
What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps?
Cramping in the extremities
Abdomanal cramps
Excessive sweating
What is the treatment for heat cramps?
Move the casualty to a cool shady area or improvise shade none is avaliable.
Loosen the casualty’s clothing
Have the casualty slowly drink at least one canteen of water.
Seek medical assistance should cramps continue
What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
Excessive sweating Headache weakness Dizziness Loss of appetitie Nasuea Cramping Urge to defecate Chills Rapid Breathing Tingling of hands/feet confusion
What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion?
Have him slowly drink at least one canteen of water
Elevate his legs
If possible the casualty should not participate in strenuous activity for the rest of the day
monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone, or medical assistance arrives.
What are the signs and sympotms of heat stroke?
Skin is red, hot and dry Weakness Dizziness Confusion Nausea Seizures Stomach pains or cramps Respiration and pluse may be rapid and weak Unconsciousness or may collapse suddnely.
What would the treatmeant be for heat stroke.
Move the casualty to a cool shady area if possible, or improvise.
Loosen or remove the casualty’s clothing
Spray or pour water on him and fan him to prevent coolant effect of evaporation
Massage his extremities and skin to increase the bloodflow to those areas of the body
Have him slowly drink one canteen of water if he is concious
seek medical assistance immediately
If a casualty were suspected of havinga serious neck or head injury what method would you use to open an airway?
The jaw thrust technique because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck.
What are the two basic types of fractures?
Compound
Simple
What are some signs of an open fracture?
Bleeding
Bones sticking through skin
Check for pulse
What are some signs of a closed fracture
Swelling Discoloration Deformity Unusual body position Check for pulse
With an open fracture what should you do first?
Stop the bleeding
What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
Splint them where they lie
How tight should a torniquite be?
Tightened until the bright red bleeding has stopped
What are the three types of bleeding?
Arterial
venous
Capillary
Name 4 common points for chekcing pulse
Femoral
Radial
Posterial
Carotid
What are some signs/symptoms of shock?
Clammy skin Restless and nervousness Thirst lost of blood Confusion fast breathing Naseua or vomiting blotched or bluish skin Often perspires freely May pass out
What is the treatment for shock?
Position the casualty on their back Elevate the legs Loosen clothing at neck or waist Climatize Reassure Notify medical personnel
What is a heat injury
A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while personnel work in the heat, and general dehydration
What is the greatest preventative measure for disease?
Cleanliness
How do you stop bleeding?
Apply a field dressing Apply manual pressure Apply a tourniquet Elevate the limb Digital Pressure
What is CPR?
Cardiopulminary Resuscitation, it use use to restore a heart beat.
When can measures taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued
When a doctor tells you to stop
When others relieve you
When you cannot physically continue
When the casualty begins to breathe on his own
What is AIDS?
The end stage of HIV infection.
Name two types of rescue breathing
Mouth to mouth
Mouth to nose
What do the letteers AIDS stand for
Acquired immuno Defeciency Syndrome
When should a casualty not be placed in a shock position
When the casualty has a head injury
Abdominal wound
or fractured leg
How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?
5 to 10 minutes
What should you do prior to leaving an unconcious casualty
Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own fluids
When should a tourniquet be used to stop the bleeding?
As a last resort when all else has failed or when there is a severed arm or leg?
What does COLD stand for?
Stay Clean
avoid Overheating
keep clothing LOOSE and in layers
and kep clothing Dry
What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty
Check for Responsiveness Breathing Pulse Bleeding Shock Fractures Burns Possible Concussions
What is the first indication of frostbite?
Skin becomes numb and white patches form
What do you do to treat frost bite?
Remove clothing from the infected area. Warm with body heat, dress the area and seek medical help.
WHen should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound.
On the exhale
How should you position the casualty with an abdominal wound
On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure.
What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
Wrap them in clean material and place them on top of the abdomen
How do you take carotid pulse?
Placing the tips of your first two fingers beside his adam’s apple to feel for a pulse.
What are the two man methods to carrying a casualty.
Four hand seat carry Two hand seat carry Two man arms carry Two man support carry Two man fore and arft carry
What are the one man carry methods
Firemans Supporting Arms Saddleback Pack strap Pistol Belt Neck Drag LBE carry
Should you put any medication or creame on a burn?
No
Name the four types of burns
Thermal
electrical
Chemical
laser
What is the primary objective for treatmeant of burns
Lessen or prevent shock and infection
What are the three catagories in medical evacuation?
Urgent within 2 hours
priority within 4 hours
routine within 24 hours
What is the first aid procedure for a white phospoherous casualty?
Smother the flame by submerging the infected area with water or pack with mud and remove the particles by brushing or picking them out.
What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim
Remove the casualty from the source of the burn
What are the two perscribed methods for opening an airway?
Jaw thrust
head chin tilt
What is the major cause of both tooth decay and gum disease?
Dental plaque
What are the 9 mild symptoms of nerve agent posioning.
Unexplained runny nose Unexplained headache sudden drooling difficulty seeing Tightness in chest or difficulty breahting Localized sweating or muscular twitiching in the area of contaminated skin Stomach cramps nasuea Taychicardia
