First Aid Flashcards
What are the methods of controlling bleeding?
Direct pressure
Elevation
Indirect pressure (pressure points)
Tourniquet as a last resort
What are the three objectives of first aid?
Prevent further injury
Prevent infection
Prevent loss of life
How many pressure points are there?
11 on each side of the body
Where are the pressure points located on the body?
Temple, jaw, neck, collarbone, inner upper arm, inner elbow, wrist, upper thigh, groin, knee, and ankle.
What are the classifications of burns?
First, second and third degree burns.
What are some indications of first degree burns?
Redness, warmth, and mild pain.
What are some indications of second degree burns?
Red, blistered skin and severe pain.
What are some indications of third degree burns?
Destroyed tissue, skin and bone.
Severe pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings.
What are the two types of fractures?
Closed/simple
Open/compound
What is electric shock?
When a person comes in contact with electric energy
What are some indications of an obstructed airway?
Inability to talk
Exaggerated breathing
What are the types of heat injuries?
Heat exhaustion and Heat stroke
What is heat exhaustion?
A disturbance in blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs.
What are some symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Cool/moist/clammy skin
Dilated pupils
Sweating profusely
What is heat stroke?
A breakdown of the sweating mechanism of the body. (Victim unable to eliminate excessive body heat buildup)
What are some symptoms of heat stroke?
Hot/dry skin
Uneven pupil dilation
Weak/rapid pulse
What are the types of cold weather injuries?
Hypothermia
Superficial frostbite
Deep frostbite
What is hypothermia?
A cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperatures.
What are some symptoms of hypothermia?
Pale/unconscious
Slow/shallow breathing
Faint pulse
What is superficial frostbite?
Ice crystals forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to temperatures of 32 degrees Fahrenheit or lower.
What is deep frostbite?
Ice crystals forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to temperatures of 32 degrees or lower.
What are the types of shock?
Cardiogenic, anaphylactic, septic, hypovolemic, and neurogenic
What is septic shock?
Bacteria multiplies in the blood and releases toxins.
What is anaphylactic shock?
Hypersensitivity/allergic reaction
What is cardiogenic shock?
Damage to the heart/insufficient blood supply
What is hypovolemic shock?
Severe blood and fluid loss/insufficient blood supply
What is neurogenic shock?
Spinal cord injury
What are the steps of the survival chain?
- Recognition/activation of CPR
- Chest compressions
- AED/defibrillator
- Rapid defibrillation
- Effective advanced life support (EMT)
- Integrated post cardiac arrest care
What is a pressure point?
Point on the body where an artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone
