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Step Nuggets > First Aid 2015 High Yield > Flashcards

First Aid 2015 High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, heptatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use

A

Clostridium difficile infection

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3
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia ( LDL receptor signaling)

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4
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia

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5
Q

Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

A

IgA deficiency

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6
Q

Anterior “drawer sign” ⊕

A

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

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7
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection,

hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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8
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

2° to erythropoietin injection

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9
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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10
Q

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

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11
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas

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12
Q

Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

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13
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

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14
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton line (lead poisoning)

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15
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget disease of bone ( osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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16
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

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17
Q

“Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

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18
Q

Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous
neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas

A

Neurofibromatosis type I, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas

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19
Q

Café-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,
precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling

mutation)

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20
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A 
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to
X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)
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21
Q

Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary

aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue

A

Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)

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22
Q

“Cherry-red spots” on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick

(sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

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23
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Chest pain on exertion

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24
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever
following MI

A 
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous
pericarditis, 2–12 weeks after acute episode)
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25
Q

Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG

A

Unstable angina (troponins −) or NSTEMI (troponins +)

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26
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

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27
Q

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to
body

A

“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease:

parvovirus B19)

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28
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A 
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat
expansion)
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29
Q

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

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30
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful

cramps, myoglobinuria

A 
McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase
deficiency)
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31
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

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32
Q

Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A 
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be
unilateral or bilateral)
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33
Q

Continuous “machine-like” heart murmur

A

PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with PGE

analogs)

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34
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease

[pretibial])

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35
Q

Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm

A 
Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions,
 5-HIAA)
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36
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

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37
Q

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)

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38
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)

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39
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)

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40
Q

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

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41
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjögren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine

glands)

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42
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal

squamous cell carcinoma)

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43
Q

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints,  bleeding tendency

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III

collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)

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44
Q

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis

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45
Q

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

A

Meniere disease

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46
Q

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly,

atypical T cells

A 
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sézary
syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
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47
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

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48
Q

Fat, female, forty, and fertile

A

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

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49
Q

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic

treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results
in endotoxin release)

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50
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles

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51
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

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52
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal

curvature

A

Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder

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53
Q

Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson

disease)

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54
Q

Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked

recessive)

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55
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of

mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can

cause bowel obstruction;  cancer risk, mainly GI)

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56
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic

necrosis of femur, bone crises

A

Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase /betaglucosidase deficiency)

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57
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss,

cataracts

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

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58
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality,

hyperdocility

A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

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59
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

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60
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN damage

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61
Q

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

“Blue bloater” (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous

cells)

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62
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Nonpainful: chancre (1° syphilis, Treponema pallidum)

Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

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63
Q

Infant with “cherry-red” spot on macula, hepatosplenomegaly,

and neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

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64
Q

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or

holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

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65
Q

Infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly

A 
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke
disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
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66
Q

Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched

hands, and structural heart defect

A

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

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67
Q

Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder

A

Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)

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68
Q

Large rash with bull’s-eye appearance

A

Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme

disease: Borrelia)

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69
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A 
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery
rupture)
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70
Q

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells

A

Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

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71
Q

Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

A 
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation
due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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72
Q

Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

A

Beck triad of cardiac tamponade

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73
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/
supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)

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74
Q

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise

intolerance

A

Pompe disease (lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)

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75
Q

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5–C6] brachial plexus

injury: “waiter’s tip”)

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76
Q

No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold

intolerance

A

Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction

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77
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

Multiple sclerosis

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78
Q

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

A

Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic
anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious
mononucleosis, CLL)

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79
Q

Painful fingers/toes changing color from blue to white to red
with cold or stress

A

Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)

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80
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes

A 
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex
deposition)
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81
Q

Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

A 
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/
microabscesses)
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82
Q

Painless jaundice

A

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

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83
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain
(child), hematuria

A

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and

kidneys)

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84
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)

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85
Q

Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria,

hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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86
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

“Pink puffer” (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar

[α1-antitrypsin deficiency])

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87
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure,

electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

A 
Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the
proximal convoluted tubule)
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88
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)

A

Lichen planus

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89
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

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90
Q

Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

A

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

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91
Q

Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/

upper respiratory infection

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating

polyradiculopathy subtype)

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92
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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93
Q 
Recurrent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema,
high serum IgE
A

Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis

abnormality)

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94
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

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95
Q

Red “currant jelly” stools

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (children)

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96
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

A

Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)

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97
Q

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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98
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas,

angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene

mutation)

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99
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability,

shuffling gait

A 
Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia
nigra pars compacta)
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100
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

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101
Q

Severe jaundice in neonate

A

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated

hyperbilirubinemia)

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102
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)

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103
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

A

McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)

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104
Q

Short stature, café au lait spots, thumb/radial defects,

 incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A 
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often
progresses to AML)
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105
Q

Single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

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106
Q

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia

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107
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

1° adrenocortical insufficiency (e.g., Addison disease) causes
 ACTH and  α-MSH production

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108
Q

Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in

dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)

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109
Q

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with

blue-white centers

A

Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)

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110
Q

Smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals

A

Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)

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111
Q

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

Bacterial endocarditis

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112
Q

“Strawberry tongue”

A

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease

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113
Q

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic
hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

A

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

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114
Q

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia

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115
Q

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing,

petechiae, coiled hairs

A

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine
for collagen synthesis)

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116
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP

[Heberden nodes])

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117
Q

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

A

Aortic stenosis

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118
Q

Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration,

arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

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119
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A (autosomal dominant RET mutation)

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120
Q

Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B (autosomal dominant RET mutation)

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121
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign (UMN lesion)

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122
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the

forehead

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123
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male

A

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

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124
Q

Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face

A 
Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber
syndrome)
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125
Q

Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)

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126
Q

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei

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127
Q

“Worst headache of my life”

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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128
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A 
Scleroderma (CREST) - limited form
Calcinosis
Raynaud
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
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129
Q

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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130
Q

Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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131
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (e.g., hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin,

procainamide)

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132
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A 
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus,
boutonnière deformity)
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133
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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134
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis
with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/
p-ANCA);
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-
ANCA/c-ANCA)

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135
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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136
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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137
Q

Anti-topoisomerase (scl-70) antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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138
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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139
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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140
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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141
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase ⊕ granular inclusions in granulocytes

and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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142
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A); resistant: S. agalactiae

group B

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143
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A 
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis:
HLA-B27)
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144
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional

spleen)

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145
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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146
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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147
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

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148
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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149
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

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150
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited

hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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151
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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152
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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153
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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154
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale

neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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155
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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156
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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157
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

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158
Q

“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular

tachycardia

A

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

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159
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A 
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting
tremor, bradykinesia)
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160
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A 
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled
mucous plugs)
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161
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of

eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

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162
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and
hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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163
Q

Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

Pericardial tamponade

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164
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

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165
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central

clearing

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the

thyroid)

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166
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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167
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

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168
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A 
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents
hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
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169
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal

and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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170
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

171
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

“owl’s eye”

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma

172
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

173
Q

“Hair on end” (“Crew-cut”) of the skull appearance on x-ray

A

β-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

174
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and

without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

175
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

176
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

177
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial

secretions

A 
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic
granules)
178
Q

High level of d-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

179
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in

middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

180
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

181
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

182
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A 
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms;
folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
183
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism

184
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal

hemoglobin sometimes present)

185
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

186
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop

and thiazide diuretics

187
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

188
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis:  chance of mesothelioma)

189
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

190
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome

formation)

191
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

192
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and

alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

193
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

194
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on

immunofluorescence

A 
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of
IgG, IgM, and C3)
195
Q

Lytic (“punched-out”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

196
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

197
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A

Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
ƒƒMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
(MGUS consequence of aging)
ƒƒWaldenström (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
ƒƒ Primary amyloidosis

198
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma)

199
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

200
Q 
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing
glomerulonephritis
A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/
c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti–basement
membrane antibodies)

201
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

202
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

203
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: S. epidermidis; resistant: S. saprophyticus

204
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
or Budd-Chiari syndrome

205
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

206
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: S. pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci

S. mutans, S. sanguis

207
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic

osteomyelitis)

208
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome

209
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

210
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of

tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and spherical Pick bodies (Pick disease)

211
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma,

papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

212
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

213
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

214
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

215
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

216
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure (e.g., ischemia or toxic injury)

217
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

218
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

219
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

220
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale,

tingible body–laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A 
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with
EBV; “starry sky” made up of malignant cells)
221
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in

neurons

A 
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in
personality)
222
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

223
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial

deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

224
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

225
Q

“Steeple” sign on CXR

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

226
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis

227
Q

Streptococcus bovis bacteremia

A

Colon cancer

228
Q

“Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in

Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

229
Q

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant,

mutation of APC gene)

230
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

231
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

232
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)

233
Q

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular

basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

234
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

235
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

236
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

237
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

238
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light

microscopy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with

lupus)

239
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (e.g., due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

240
Q

Tx:Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

241
Q

Tx:Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

242
Q

Tx:Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

243
Q

Tx:ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine

244
Q

Tx:Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

245
Q

Tx:Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzodiazepines

246
Q

Tx:Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

247
Q

Tx:Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

248
Q

Tx:Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

249
Q

Tx:B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

250
Q

Tx:Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

α1-antagonists, 5α-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

251
Q

Tx:Bipolar disorder

A 
Mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine),
atypical antipsychotics
252
Q

Tx:Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

253
Q

Tx:Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

254
Q

Tx:Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

255
Q

Tx:Candida albicans

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin
(oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B
(systemic)

256
Q

Tx:Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

257
Q

Tx:Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline/Azithromycin (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

258
Q

Tx:Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., allopurinol, febuxostat

259
Q

Tx:Chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-α (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir

HCV

260
Q

Tx:Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

261
Q

Tx:Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

262
Q

Tx:Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

263
Q

Tx:Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

264
Q

Tx:CMV

A

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

265
Q

Tx:Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

266
Q

Tx:Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

267
Q

Tx:Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

268
Q

Tx:Depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

269
Q

Tx:Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin,

amiloride (nephrogenic)

270
Q

Tx:Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

271
Q

Tx:Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if

refractory)

272
Q

Tx:Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

273
Q

Tx:Enterococci

A

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

274
Q

Tx:Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

275
Q

Tx:ER ⊕ breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

276
Q

Tx:Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

277
Q

Tx:Haemophilus influenzae (B)

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

278
Q

Tx:Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

279
Q

Tx:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

280
Q

Tx:Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

281
Q

Tx:HER2/neu ⊕ breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

282
Q

Tx:Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

283
Q

Tx:Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

284
Q

Tx:Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate

285
Q

Tx:Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

286
Q

Tx:Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

287
Q

Tx:Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

288
Q

Tx:Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

289
Q

Tx:Legionella pneumophila

A

Macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)

290
Q

Tx:Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

291
Q

Tx:Malaria

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood

schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

292
Q

Tx:Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

293
Q

Tx:Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

294
Q

Tx:Migraine

A 
Abortive therapies (e.g., sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis
(e.g., propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)
295
Q

Tx:Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease-modifying therapies (e.g., β-interferon, natalizumab);
for acute flares, use IV steroids

296
Q

Tx:Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

297
Q

Tx:Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline/azizthromycin to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis)

298
Q

Tx:Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

299
Q

Tx:Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

300
Q

Tx:Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

301
Q

Tx:Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis);
bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin,
denosumab (treatment)

302
Q

Tx:Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Close with indomethacin; open or maintain with PGE

analogs

303
Q

Tx:Pheochromocytoma

A

α-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)

304
Q

Tx:Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

305
Q

Tx:Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

306
Q

Tx:Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

307
Q

Tx:Prostate adenocarcinoma

A

Flutamide

308
Q

Tx:Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

309
Q

Tx:Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

310
Q

Tx:Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

311
Q

Tx:Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

312
Q

Tx:Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

313
Q

Tx:SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan,
demeclocycline

314
Q

Tx:Sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea ( fetal hemoglobin)

315
Q

Tx:Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

316
Q

Tx:Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

317
Q

Tx:Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal
penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid,
ceftaroline

318
Q

Tx:Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to
endocarditis

319
Q

Tx:Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia),

vancomycin (meningitis)

320
Q

Tx:Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

321
Q

Tx:Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

322
Q

Tx:Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

323
Q

Tx:Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

324
Q

Tx:Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin

325
Q

Tx:Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

326
Q

Tx:Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

327
Q

Tx:Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (e.g., mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine,

infliximab, colectomy

328
Q

Tx:UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

329
Q

Tx:Warfarin reversal

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)

330
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

331
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A 
Cushing ulcer ( intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric
H+ secretion)
332
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A 
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in
sloughing of gastric mucosa)
333
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal

colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

334
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

335
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

336
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

337
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Hypertension

338
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A 
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing
ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
339
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

340
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and
stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

341
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumoniae

342
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E.coli/Listeria (newborns),

S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)

343
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

344
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von

Willebrand factor)

345
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including

glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

346
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

347
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

348
Q

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

349
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial) - Libmann Sachs

350
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

351
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

352
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

353
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious
anemia)

354
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

355
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

356
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete

conjugated bilirubin into bile)

357
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed

world)

358
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > circumflex

359
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

360
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

ƒƒ Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
ƒƒ Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ƒƒ ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
ƒƒ Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

361
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus

arteriosus

362
Q

Cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

363
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

364
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

365
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

Multiple sclerosis

366
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma,
major surgery

367
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

368
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

369
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma

U.S.

370
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus, B. cereus

fast, within a few hours

371
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

372
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A 
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical
carcinoma (most common worldwide)
373
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug

abuse)

374
Q

Helminth infection (U.S.)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

375
Q

Hematoma—epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform

shaped)

376
Q

Hematoma—subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

377
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation
(can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and  risk of
hepatocellular carcinoma)

378
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A 
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with
alcoholism)
379
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder most common

A

von Willebrand disease

380
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A 
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated
hyperbilirubinemia)
381
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad ( risk of thrombosis)

382
Q

Hypertension, 2°

A

Renal disease

383
Q

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

384
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase ⊕)

385
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

386
Q

Kidney stones

A

ƒƒ Calcium = radiopaque
ƒƒ Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease
⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and
S. saprophyticus)
ƒƒ Uric acid = radiolucent

387
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

388
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

389
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

390
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

391
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

392
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through

females only

393
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

394
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

395
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

396
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

397
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

398
Q

Neuron migration failure

A 
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and
anosmia)
399
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

S. aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram-negative rods

400
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

401
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

402
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus (most common overall)

Salmonella (sickle cell)

403
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, Candida, S. aureus

404
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

405
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

406
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels

in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

407
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

408
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

409
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery

> carotid artery

410
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

411
Q

t(14;18)

A 
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic
oncogene)
412
Q

t(8;14)

A 
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor
oncogene
413
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation,

tyrosine kinase oncogene)

414
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic

artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

415
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive

416
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

417
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

418
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

419
Q

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A 
Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic
predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
420
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

421
Q

Vertebral compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly

man or woman)

422
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

423
Q

Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

A

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to
4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

Step Nuggets (23 decks)

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