Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TFD > Fire Streams and Nozzles > Flashcards

Fire Streams and Nozzles Flashcards

1
Q

1600’s

A

bucket brigade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

1700’s

A

leather, copper riveted hose with playpipes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1800’s

A

2.5in cotton hose with underwriter’s playpipe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1940-1950

A

1.5in hose with assorted spray nozzles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1950-1960

A

combination of fixed nozzles and adjustable nozzles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1960-1970

A

added 1.75in hose and automatic nozzles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1970-1980

A

1.75 and 2.5in hoses with lots of automatic nozzles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1980-1990

A

Light weight hoses with dual pressure nozzles and special application attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do we use water to firefight?

A

a. Cheap, readily available, requires lots of specific heat and latent heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of substance by one degree. One BTU is the amount of heat required to raise a pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at standard atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Latent heat of vaporization

A

Energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Water expands ____ times its original volume when converted to steam

A

1700

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

d. Although energy is required to change forms, the water still stays ____throughout the process.

A

212F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

You must apply enough water to …

A

absorb the heat faster than it is being generated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fire stream

A

a stream of water or other extinguishing agent after it leaves the firehose and nozzle until it reaches the desired target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Water streams are ID’d by

A

size and type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Size =

A

volume, GPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type =

A

pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sizes

A

i. Low flow =

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types

A

i. Fog
ii. Solid
iii. Broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Solid stream

A

a solid stream is a fire stream produced from a fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle

i. Reach and penetration
ii. A good solid stream places 90% of its water in a 15in circle, or 75% in a 10in circle at the break over point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Breakover point

A

the point where the stream loses its forward momentum and falls into showers of spray that can be blown away easily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Advantages of solid stream

A
  1. Reach and penetration
  2. Not likely to disturb thermal layers as much
  3. Less nozzle reaction
  4. Easy to see
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Disadvantages of solid stream

A
  1. Can’t change pattern
  2. Can’t be used for foam
  3. Less heat absorption per gallon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fog stream

A

has a defined pattern and is composed of small droplets; adjustable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Advantages of fog stream

A
  1. Maximized heat absorption due to lots of water surface area
  2. Adjustable to situation
  3. Sometimes has adjustable gallonage
  4. Can aid in ventilation
27
Q

Disadvantages of fog stream

A
  1. Less reach and penetrating power
  2. Susceptible to wind
  3. Can cause thermal inversion and steam burns
28
Q

Broken Streams

A

no defined pattern

i. Created by device, bouncing streams off objects or other streams
ii. Large droplets have greater penetrating power
iii. Used in basement and ceiling fires

29
Q

4 things needed for a good firestream

A
  • Reliable water supply
  • Fire pump
  • Appropriate equipment – hoses, nozzles, etc
  • Personnel trained to operate equipment
30
Q

Limiting factors of firestreams

A

a. Velocity of water
b. Wind pattern and velocity
c. Stream pattern
d. Friction
e. Gravity

31
Q

Horizontal reach is best achieved at what angel?

A

32 degrees

32
Q

Vertical reach stats

A

a. Actual reach is best at 90 degrees (not super useful…)
b. Practical vertical reach is achieved at 70-75 degrees
c. Handline streams can be thrown to 3rd story

33
Q

Nozzles!

A

Yay!

34
Q

Types of nozzles

A

a. Smooth bore
b. Combo/fog
c. Special

35
Q

Components of a nozzle

A

a. Shut off device

b. Stream shaping device

36
Q

Hydraulic considerations

A

Friction loss
Nozzle pressure
elevation

37
Q

Friction loss

A

the part of the total pressure that is lost while forcing the water through pipe, fittings, hose, etc

i. 1.75in loses 7psi per 50ft section
ii. 2.5in loses 5 psi per 50ft section

38
Q

Nozzle pressure

A

there must be enough pressure for the nozzle to function properly and flow the correct amount of water

39
Q

Elevation

A

i. Head pressure: the pressure resulting from the elevation of water
ii. .434psi/ft
iii. Generalize .5psi/ft or 5 psi per floor above ground level

40
Q

Engine pressure stats

A

d. Engine pressure must be the desired nozzle pressure compensated for friction loss and elevation change
i. EP = NP + FL +/- Elevation

41
Q

Nozzle reaction stats

A

the amount of force being generated at the nozzle opposite to the direction of the stream, measured in pounds.

a. Newton’s 3rd law
b. NR is created by velocity and flow: if NP ^, then NR ^
c. Fog patterns decrease nozzle reaction due to deflection

42
Q

Nozzle reaction math smooth bore

A

Smooth bore: NR = 1.5 x D^2 x NP

For example: 1in solid stream, NP 50psi at 210GPM will generate 75lbs NR
43
Q

Nozzle reaction math fog

A

Fog: NR = .05 x GPM x √NP
For example: a fog stream flowing at ~95gpm creates 48lbs NR
For example: fog, NP 100psi at 210GPM generates 105 NR

44
Q

Nozzle functions

A

a. Control flow (GPM)
b. Provide reach
c. Shape stream

45
Q

Standard operating pressure of nozzles

A

a. Smooth bore = 50psi
b. Combo = 100psi
c. Breakapart
i. Fog = 75psi
ii. Smooth bore = 50psi
d. Smooth bore master stream = 80 psi
e. Fog master stream = 100psi

46
Q

Types of nozzles

A 
Automatic
Constant gallonage
non-constant gallonage
flushing fog nozzles
smooth bore
specialty
47
Q

Automatic nozzles

A

iv. Maintain optimum nozzle pressure of 100psi
v. Increase in pressure leads to an increase of GPM
vi. Changing shape of stream does not affect GPM
vii. Have springs that keep the psi constant
viii. Can be throttled down if the flow is too great, but that might lead to an effective looking stream that really isn’t.

48
Q

Task Force Tip

A

2.5in hose: 50-350GPM, 1.75in hose up to 225GPM

49
Q

Akron Akromatic

A

2.5in hose: 60-375GPM, 1.75in up to 225GPM

50
Q

Akron Akromatic Master Stream

A

up to 1250GPM

51
Q

Constant gallonage

A

i. Give same GPM regardless of shape
ii. Has a selector ring that allows for change, but must inform engineer
v. Constant gallonage nozzles are also adjustable gallonage nozzles

52
Q

KK Thunder Fogs

A

30-200GPM

53
Q

Akron Turbojets

A

60-200GPM

54
Q

Non-constant gallonage

A

i. GPM changes as you adjust the stream type
ii. The rated GPM is obtained at 30 degrees, increasing 15% when open to full fog and decreasing 15% when set to straight stream.
iii. Wildland hoses are an example
iv. Also called variable flow nozzles

55
Q

Flushing fog nozzles

A

i. Allows for the removal of objects like stones, scale, etc up to 5/16in
ii. Some nozzles have a flush setting, rotate to flush
iii. Some nozzles have flush control on the front

56
Q

Smooth bore nozzle stats

A

size on tips

i. Fixed orifice, thus single pattern
ii. Reach and penetration
iii. Nozzle tips should:
1. Not be bigger than 50% of the diameter of the hose
2. Linear portion of cylindrical bore of the tip should be 1x-1.5x the diameter of the tip orifice.

57
Q

Smooth bore handline sizes

A
  1. 7/8”
  2. 1”
  3. 1 1/8”
  4. 1 ¼”
58
Q

Smooth bore master stream sizes

A
  1. 1 ¼”
  2. 1 ½”
  3. 1 ¾”
  4. 2”
  5. 2 ¼”
59
Q

Speciality nozzles

A

Flame fighter

break apart nozzle

60
Q

Flame fighter nozzle pressure and size and GPM stats

A

PSI/NP GMP 1.75in 2.5in
100 190 250
125 215 274
150 n/a 320

61
Q

Flame fighter nozzle

A
  1. Can go on either 1.75 or 2.5in line
  2. 2600ft2 of coverage
  3. Minimal nozzle reaction
  4. Used for confined spaces, cars/RV, compacted material
  5. 48in overall length but can be extended
  6. 1.5in NST pistol grip shut off butt
  7. 36in aluminum body with and addition 36in extension
  8. Hard plated chrome tip
62
Q

Breakapart nozzle

A
  1. Can be used as smoothbore or fog
  2. Non-constant gallonage when used as fog
  3. 150GPM @ 75 psi Fog
  4. 180GPM @ 50 psi 15/16th smoothbore
63
Q

Nozzle reminders

A
  • No water hammer! Open/close nozzles slowly.
  • Nozzles are tools upon which your life depends – treat them accordingly.
  • Bleed air out of hose sooner rather than later.

TFD (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions