Fingerprints/DNA

Question 1

Explain the three ways you can leave a fingerprint.

Answer 1

Patent fingerprints
- Visible prints transferred onto smooth surfaces by blood or other liquids
Plastic Fingerprints
- Indentations left in soft materials such as clay or wax
Latent
- Made visible by dusting with powders or the use of chemicals.

Question 2

What is AFIS?

Answer 2

• A computer system for storing and retrieving fingerprints
• Began in the early 1970s to
  
  • Search large files for a set of prints taken from an individual
  • Compare a single print, usually, a latent print developed from a crime scene
• By the 1990s most large jurisdictions had their own system in place.
• The problem is that a person’s fingerprints may be in one AFIS but not in others.

Question 3

What is the study of chromosomes

Answer 3

Karyotyping. (putting all of the chromosomes in order)

Question 4

DNA and Chromosomes

Answer 4

DNA contains the genetic material of a cell.
Chromosomes are located in the cell nucleus.
Chromosomes contain long DNA strands wrapped around proteins.

Question 5

Human Genetics

Answer 5

• 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total) in each nucleus of a human cell.
  - Except for eggs and sperm, they have 23 chromosomes in total
• One chromosome in each pair comes from the mother and the other from the father.

Question 6

What is the Nucleotide made of

Answer 6

5 carbon Sugars 
Phosphate group
4 nitrogenous bases
 - A (Adenine)
 - C (Cytosine)
 - G (guanine)
 - T (thymine)

Question 7

Define Polymorphism

Answer 7

DNA that contains unique patterns of repeated base sequences that are unique to individuals

Question 8

What type of evidence is DNA

Answer 8

Biological and Individual Evidence.

Question 9

Define Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 9

the technique generates multiple copies of DNA evidence.

Question 10

How does one collect DNA properly?

Answer 10

Use disposable gloves and collection instruments

Avoid physical contact, talking, sneezing, and coughing.

Question 11

Define Electrophoresis

Answer 11

DNA samples are placed in gels through which electronic currents are passed

DNA fragments line up in bands along the length of each gel.

Question 12

When and how are fingerprints developed?

Answer 12

Fingerprints are developed when in the womb. Finger skin shrivels and creates your fingerprints. 9-10 weeks.

Question 13

Why do we have to oil our skin?

Answer 13

to keep our skin moisturized

Question 14

Steps for collecting

Answer 14

Secure the area
Collect from the scene
Use gloves or tweezers put in the bag, and label
Extract DNA
Cut the DNA
 - You can look at a small part of the DNA
Copy the DNA
 -  PCR (Polyamorous chain reaction)
Gel Electron Pretious 
 - GIves are the dots