Cell Division Flashcards
How is DNA organized in a prokaryotic cell?
one, circular chromosome attached to the inside of the cell membrane
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Binary fission. In this process, a single chromosome makes a copy of itself
How is DNA organized in a eukaryote?
housed in the nucleus and tightly packaged into chromosomes.
What is mitosis used for in eukaryotes?
Mitosis is used to produce new body cells for growth and healing
What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?
interphase, the cell grows and DNA is replicated
mitotic phase, the replicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated and the cell divides.
What happens during the three stages of interphase.
G1 Stage
Cells mature but making more cytoplasm & organelles
Cell carries on its normal metabolic activities
S Stage
DNA is copied or replicated
G2 Stage
All cell structures needed for division are made (eg centrioles)
Both organelles & proteins are synthesized
What are the functions of spindles and centrosomes.
Spindles- necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nuclear division: mitosis and meiosis
Centrosomes- duplicates and then, move to opposite ends of the cell.
Briefly describe what happens during early prophase of mitosis
The chromosomes become even more condensed, so they are very compact.
The nuclear envelope breaks down, releasing the chromosomes.
Briefly describe what happens during metaphase of mitosis.
At this stage, the two kinetochores of each chromosome should be attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles.
92 Chromosomes on the Metaphase plate
Briefly describe what happens during anaphase of mitosis.
Chromosomes lined up in the middle will split
Occurs rapidly
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite pole by fibers
Centromere must break for this to happen.
Briefly describe what happens during telophase of mitosis.
Sister chromatids at opposite poles Spindles disassemble Nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids Nucleolus reappears CYTOKINESIS occurs Chromosomes reappear as chromatin
Differentiate between cytokinesis in plant cells and animal cells.
Plants cell wall forms at the equator to divide cell
In animal cells, cleavage furrow forms to split cell
Briefly describe the types of asexual reproduction.
Binary Fission- The division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original.
Mitosis- Reproduction of cells
Meiosis- Process that leads to the creation of gametes
Describe the advantages of sexual & asexual reproduction.
Sexual- Creates more unique offspring
Asexual- Faster and less complex
Differentiate between somatic and germ cells.
Germ Cells= specialized for sexual reproduction
Somatic Cells= do not participate in sexual reproduction; ex. skin cells, muscle cells, etc.