Cell Organelles Flashcards
eukaryotic cell
membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and an endoplasmic reticulum. Organisms based on the eukaryotic cell include protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals.
Prokaryotic
comprise bacteria and archaea. Genetic material is stored in a nucleoid that floats in the cell’s cytoplasm.
Cell Membrane
Surrounds the cell and separates it from the environment. Structure is the phospholipid bilayer
Cytoplasm
Part of the cell outside of the nucleus
A jelly-like substance.
Contains organelles
Cytoskeleton
A network of proteins that gives the cell its shape and helps it move
Microtubules and microfilaments together allow the cell to hold its shape, and move itself and its organelles
Nucleus
The control center of the cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by the nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Dark part of the nucleus that makes ribosomes
Chromosomes
DNA is packaged into threadlike structures known as chromosomes
Ribosomes
Make proteins; protein factories; not membrane-bound
Golgi Apparatus
A packaging system for the cell
Modifies, sorts, and packages material from the endoplasmic reticulum
Finished proteins are put in vesicles that bud out of the Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Highway of the cell; takes proteins and fats where they
are needed
Rough ER has ribosomes; as proteins are made, they
enter the ER; ER membrane pinches off to form a vesicle
Smooth ER=no ribosomes; makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances
Mitochondrion
Powerhouse of the cell
Releases the energy from food to make ATP
Site of aerobic cellular respiration
Centriole
Helps in cell division
Only found in animal cells
Flagella & Cilia
Flagellum: threadlike structure that allows cells to swim
Cilia: hair-like projects used for locomotion or the moving of liquids along internal tissue
Cell Wall
Rigid outer layer the is outside of the cell membrane of plants, fungi, and bacteria
Provides protection
Cell walls are made of:
Plants: cellulose
Fungi: chitin
Bacteria: peptidoglycan
