Cell Organelles Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

eukaryotic cell

A

membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and an endoplasmic reticulum. Organisms based on the eukaryotic cell include protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prokaryotic

A

comprise bacteria and archaea. Genetic material is stored in a nucleoid that floats in the cell’s cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Surrounds the cell and separates it from the environment. Structure is the phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Part of the cell outside of the nucleus
A jelly-like substance.
Contains organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of proteins that gives the cell its shape and helps it move

Microtubules and microfilaments together allow the cell to hold its shape, and move itself and its organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nucleus

A

The control center of the cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by the nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dark part of the nucleus that makes ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chromosomes

A

DNA is packaged into threadlike structures known as chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins; protein factories; not membrane-bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

A packaging system for the cell

Modifies, sorts, and packages material from the endoplasmic reticulum

Finished proteins are put in vesicles that bud out of the Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Highway of the cell; takes proteins and fats where they
are needed

Rough ER has ribosomes; as proteins are made, they
enter the ER; ER membrane pinches off to form a vesicle

Smooth ER=no ribosomes; makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Powerhouse of the cell

Releases the energy from food to make ATP

Site of aerobic cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Centriole

A

Helps in cell division

Only found in animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flagella & Cilia

A

Flagellum: threadlike structure that allows cells to swim

Cilia: hair-like projects used for locomotion or the moving of liquids along internal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell Wall

A

Rigid outer layer the is outside of the cell membrane of plants, fungi, and bacteria

Provides protection

Cell walls are made of:
Plants: cellulose
Fungi: chitin
Bacteria: peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chloroplast

A

Uses light energy to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water

Site of photosynthesis

Found in plants

17
Q

Vacuole

A

A sac that is used for storage

Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

18
Q

Lysosome

A

Made by the Golgi apparatus

Small organelle filled with enzymes

Breaks down fats, proteins, sugars

Digests worn-out organelles