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History > Finals Vocab > Flashcards

Finals Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Romans

A

citizen of roman empire

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2
Q

Athens

A

city-state in ancient Greece

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3
Q

Sparta

A

city-state in ancient Greece

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4
Q

Minoans

A

early Greek civiization

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5
Q

Etruscans

A

ancient citizens of Italy between Tiber and Arno river

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6
Q

Germanic Tribes

A

Part of the fall of Rome/ attacked and invaded Rome

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7
Q

Huns

A

member of nomads/ invaded Europe

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8
Q

Constaine

A

emperor- reverted Roman Empire to Christianity

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9
Q

Attila the Hun

A

emperor- part of the fall of Rome- brutal

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10
Q

Diocleation

A

emperor- divided Roman Empire

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11
Q

Alexander the Great

A

started the Macedonian empire

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12
Q

Egyptions

A

citizens of Ancient Egypt

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13
Q

Persians

A

half of Irans population

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14
Q

Assyrians

A

citizens of the Assryian Empire

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15
Q

Hammurabi

A

6th king of Amorite- first dynasty of babylon

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16
Q

Indus Valley

A

Bronze age civilization in South Asia

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17
Q

Sumer

A

earliest known civilization - in Mesopotamia

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18
Q

Pharoh

A

ancient egyption rulers- highest class

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19
Q

nomad

A

person who moves from place to place- never settles

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20
Q

scribe

A

professional writer- copies writing

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21
Q

merchant

A

involved in business- makes trades- sells stuff

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22
Q

artistian

A

skilled craft worker

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23
Q

Shi Huagandi

A

emperor- Quin dynasty 221-210 BCE

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24
Q

Democracy

A

citizens have an active role in the government

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25
Q

monarchy

A

rule of a single person

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26
Q

oligarchy

A

ruled by multiple powerful people

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27
Q

polytheism

A

the belief of multiple gods

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28
Q

monotheism

A

the belief of one god

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29
Q

republic

A

power in the hands of citizens who vote for their leaders (how it is now)

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30
Q

patricians

A

the elite class- powerful, wealthy families who hold the most political power

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31
Q

plebeians

A

common folk in ancient Rome- made up most of the population

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32
Q

Tigris river

A

flows through turkey and Iraq- key part of early civilization in mesopotamia

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33
Q

Euphrates river

A

one of the longest rivers in Asia- crucial for farming and development in Mesopotamia early civilizations

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34
Q

Yangtze river

A

is the longest river in Asia flowing through china- played big role in ancient Chinese civilizations.

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35
Q

Nile river

A

longest river in the world flowing through northeastern Africa- very important in early Egyptian civilization

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36
Q

Ganges river

A

sacred river in India, highly revered in Hinduism- crucial for agriculture and other things

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37
Q

Mediterranean sea

A

has been very important for trade and cultural exchange - surrounded by Egypt, Greece, and Rome

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38
Q

Tiber river

A

major river in Italy- crucial to the founding and growth of Rome

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39
Q

cuneiform

A

ancient system of writing- originated with Sumerians and Mesopotamia- one of the earliest forms of writing

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40
Q

hieroglyphics

A

ancient egyptian writing system- using pictures to represent words or actions.

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41
Q

mythology

A

refers to a collection of traditional stories or myths from a particular culture- often involve gods, heroes, and explain natural or social phenomena

42
Q

consus

A

ancient roman mythology- god of grain storage, often associated with secret advice and hidden consuls.

43
Q

senate

A

political institution in ancient rome- it was the council of elders who guided legislation and policy

44
Q

Julius Ceaser

A

roman general, statesman, and historian who played a crucial role in the events that led to the fall of the Roman Empire

45
Q

Augustus

A

first emperor of Rome, transforming it from republic to an empire- Julius Ceaser adopted son

46
Q

prehistoric

A

refer to the period of time before written records

47
Q

Neolithic Period

A

Also known as the Stone Age - when humans first started to settle down and farm

48
Q

Paleolithic Era

A

also called stone age - marked by early human development and use of simple stone tools

49
Q

calligraphy

A

high form of art- important in cultures like China and the middle east

50
Q

job specialization

A

people started to focus on specific roles like farming, pottery, or tool-making - beginning of professions

51
Q

pyramids

A

massive tombs built for Pharaohs

52
Q

art and architecture

A

refers to the creative expressions of past civilizations

53
Q

public works

A

large-scale projects for the public benefit- roads, bridges, and aqueducts

54
Q

cities

A

larger, more organized settlements where trade, government, and culture flourished

55
Q

language

A

refers to the development and use of a system of communication, often spoken or written- shared by a community or culture

56
Q

government

A

the system or group of people governing and organized community

57
Q

social classes

A

divisions in society based on factors like wealth, occupation, and birth

58
Q

religion

A

refers to the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially God or gods

59
Q

caste

A

refers to rigid social system where a persons status is designated by birth

60
Q

moksha

A

refers to the concept of liberation or release from the cycle of rebirth in Hinduism

61
Q

reincarnation

A

the belief that the soul, upon death, comes back to life in a new body or form

62
Q

Judaism

A

refers to the monotheistic religion originating with the Israelite’s, believing in a covenant with God and following laws set out in the Torah

63
Q

Christianity

A

refers to a monotheistic religion based on the life and teaching of Jesus Christ

64
Q

Buddhism

A

spiritual tradition focused on personal spiritual development and the attainment of enlightenment

65
Q

confucianism

A

a philosophy centered on the values of ethics, family loyalty, and respect for elders

66
Q

Daoism

A

philosophical tradition emphasizing living in harmony with the Dao, the natural worlds underlying essence

67
Q

legalism

A

a philosophy that values law, discipline, and absolute power by the ruler

68
Q

dynasty

A

a series of rulers from the same family or group

69
Q

theocracy

A

a system of government where priests rule in the name of God or gods

70
Q

karma

A

the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions influence the future

71
Q

noble truths

A

key teachings in Buddhism. They outline the truth of suffering, its cause, its end, and the path to it

72
Q

Mandate of heaven

A

the Chinese belief that just ruler had divine approval

73
Q

silk road

A

a network of trade routes connecting East and West

74
Q

Polis

A

A city-state in Ancient Greece, like Sparta or Athens

75
Q

Mercenaries

A

professional soldiers hired to serve in a foreign army

76
Q

Hitties

A

an Anatolian people who established an empire in modern-day Turkey and Syria

77
Q

Babylonians

A

were a group based in Mesopotamia, now modern-day Iraq

78
Q

Punic wars

A

a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC

79
Q

peloponnesian wars

A

a series of conflicts in ancient Greece, fought between Athens and Sparta and their allies from 431-404 BC

80
Q

Greco-Persian wars

A

series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and city-states of ancient Greece, mainly Athens and Sparta from 499-449 BC

81
Q

Macedonia

A

a kingdom located in northern Greece, most famous for Alexander the Great

82
Q

Ancient Carthage

A

a powerful city-state on the coast of modern Tunisia, founded by Phoenician settlers

83
Q

Zhao

A

one of the seven major states during China’s Warring States period

84
Q

Shang Dynasty

A

Chinese Dynasty around 1600-1046 BC, famous for bronze work, writing system, and oracle bones

85
Q

ziggurats

A

massive structures built in ancient Mesopotamia. They’re like step pyramids, often part of temple complexes

86
Q

delian league

A

formed in 478 BC, was an association pf Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens. Its purpose was to continue fighting the Persian empire after the Greek victory in the battle of Plataea at the end of the second Persian invasion of Greece

87
Q

aqueducts

A

ingenious Roman structures designed to transport water from distant sources into cities and towns

88
Q

irrigation

A

the methods used to being water to crops

89
Q

hippocrates

A

a Greek physician often referred to as the “Father of Medicine”

90
Q

aristotle

A

a Greek philosopher and scientist. He’s known for his work in many fields like physics, biology, and politics

91
Q

socrates

A

a Greek philosopher known for his Socratic method of questioning

92
Q

city grid system

A

the layout of streets at right angles to each other, creating square blocksi

93
Q

indoor plumbing

A

a system for water supply and waste removal within buildings

94
Q

decoded lanuage

A

the process of understanding and interpreting ancient scripts or languages

95
Q

calendar

A

a system of organizing time into days, months, and yearsw

96
Q

wheel

A

a round object that rotates on an axle

97
Q

Pythagorean theorem

A

a mathematical principle, it states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum if the other two sides

98
Q

papyrus

A

a type of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant

99
Q

medicine

A

involved practices to maintain health and prevent/treat illnesses

100
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

a stone slab inscribed with a decree in three scripts. It was a key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics

101
Q

archaeology

A

the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture

102
Q

anthropology

A

the study of humans, human behavior, and societies in the past and present

History (7 decks)

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