FINALS EXAM

Question 1

The main process for deep sea bacteria and archaea to produce energy rich compounds where sunlight is not an option.

Answer 1

Chemosynthesis

Question 2

Rate in which producers are able to convert the inorganic substances into chemical energy via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis expressed in the weight of carbon.

Answer 2

Primary Productivity

Question 3

A round, green species of microalgae known for its high protein and lipid content. Used in food supplements.

Answer 3

Chlorella

Question 4

One of the differences between seaweed and seagrass.

Answer 4

Roots/Holdfast

Question 5

Bacteria that can photosynthesize

Answer 5

Cyanobacteria

Question 6

The other names of the brown, red, green macroalgae

Answer 6

Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta

Question 7

These are organisms that are able to produce energy rich, organic matter from inorganic substances.

Answer 7

Primary producers/Autotrophs

Question 8

Produces minerals which deep sea bacteria can synthesize into their food.

Answer 8

Hydrothermal Vents/Cold Seeps

Question 9

These are aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt, such as those found in or near the ocean.

Answer 9

Marine Ecosystems

Question 10

These are the factors that include the amount of sunlight, oxygen and nutrients dissolved in the water, proximity to land, depth, and temperature.

Answer 10

Abiotic (non-living) Factors

Question 11

This ecosystem comprises species that have adapted to its sunlight-deprived environment.

Answer 11

Deep Sea

Question 12

This type of saltwater wetland marine ecosystem has regions dominated with trees.

Answer 12

Saltwater Swamps

Question 13

This type of saltwater wetland marine ecosystem is covered with grasses.

Answer 13

Saltwater Marshes

Question 14

This marine ecosystem is quite poor in terms of biodiversity compared to the rest because its environment varies a lot.

Answer 14

Sandy beach

Question 15

An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

Answer 15

Heterotroph

Question 16

The big reason why there are rarely more than 5 trophic levels. (Three Reasons)

Answer 16

-Energy losses between trophic levels
-Loss of heat energy
-Insufficient energy available

Question 17

This portion of the zooplankton is a floating mass of eggs and larvae of organisms that become nektonic or benthic in their adult stage.

Answer 17

Meroplankton

Question 18

This is the majority of the zooplankton that spend their whole life floating, drifting, or swimming weakly in the water.

Answer 18

Holoplankton

Question 19

Who is the Father of Taxonomy?

Answer 19

Carl Linnaeus

Question 20

What makes a protist different from a bacterium?

Answer 20

Protists are eukaryotic organisms while bacteria are prokaryotic

Question 21

Since phytoplanktons require sunlight to produce their food, they mostly reside in which zone of the ocean?

Answer 21

Photic Zone

Question 22

Give an example of a non-chordate nekton.

Answer 22

Any organisms from the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and other possible animal phyla that can swim against the current (e.g.: squid, shrimp)

Question 23

What kind of benthic organisms burrow themselves into the sediments?

Answer 23

Infaunas

Question 24

Based on the viscosity of water, how do the physiological adaptations of marine organisms from colder regions differ from those in the warmer regions?

Answer 24

Organisms from warmer regions have appendages to stay afloat in the less viscous warm water, while those in the colder regions have streamlined bodies to swim freely in the more viscous cold water.

Question 25

What marine organisms are able to conform to the osmolarity of their environment?

Answer 25

Osmoconformers

Question 26

What do most marine organism in the deeper parts of the ocean lack as an adaptation to the great pressure?

Answer 26

Compressible air packet-like organs, such as lungs.

Question 27

What do you call the adaptation of some marine organisms wherein the upper half of their body has a darker color while the lower half has a lighter one?

Answer 27

Countershading

Question 28

The Portuguese man o’ war is a colony of what organism?

Answer 28

Zooids or Polyps

Question 29

____ sediments are deposited at rates slower than 1cm/100yrs.

Answer 29

Pelagic

Question 30

A mixture of silt and clay.

Answer 30

Mud

Question 31

The age of the overlying crust determines the length of the time over which sedimentation has taken place. T/F?

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Oozes on the ridge flanks have high metal contents where seafloor spreading rates are slow. T/F?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

This area is characterized by diatomaceous oozes and chlorite as the dominant clay material.

Answer 33

Polar Seas

Question 34

What is the marine sediment type surrounding the Philippines?

Answer 34

Terrigenous/Lithogenous

Question 35

The shortest diameter is used to classify sediments based on grain diameter. T/F?

Answer 35

False

Question 36

The grain size classification scheme does not give any information on the mineral composition of the sediment. T/F?

Answer 36

True

Question 37

These sediments are created in situ from the precipitation dissolved chemicals.

Answer 37

Authigenic Sediments

Question 38

These are deposits with sedimentation rates or zero or less.

Answer 38

Relicts

Question 39

This is the area where lithogenous sediments are the most common.

Answer 39

Continental Margins

Question 40

This is an important transport agent at high latitudes.

Answer 40

Ice

Question 41

Sedimentation rates decreases with increasing depth. T/F?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

These sediments are composed of detrital hard and soft parts formed by marine organisms.

Answer 42

Biogenous Sediments

Question 43

Particle sinking rates can be estimated by ____.

Answer 43

Oswald’s Law