FINALS EXAM Flashcards
The main process for deep sea bacteria and archaea to produce energy rich compounds where sunlight is not an option.
Chemosynthesis
Rate in which producers are able to convert the inorganic substances into chemical energy via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis expressed in the weight of carbon.
Primary Productivity
A round, green species of microalgae known for its high protein and lipid content. Used in food supplements.
Chlorella
One of the differences between seaweed and seagrass.
Roots/Holdfast
Bacteria that can photosynthesize
Cyanobacteria
The other names of the brown, red, green macroalgae
Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta
These are organisms that are able to produce energy rich, organic matter from inorganic substances.
Primary producers/Autotrophs
Produces minerals which deep sea bacteria can synthesize into their food.
Hydrothermal Vents/Cold Seeps
These are aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt, such as those found in or near the ocean.
Marine Ecosystems
These are the factors that include the amount of sunlight, oxygen and nutrients dissolved in the water, proximity to land, depth, and temperature.
Abiotic (non-living) Factors
This ecosystem comprises species that have adapted to its sunlight-deprived environment.
Deep Sea
This type of saltwater wetland marine ecosystem has regions dominated with trees.
Saltwater Swamps
This type of saltwater wetland marine ecosystem is covered with grasses.
Saltwater Marshes
This marine ecosystem is quite poor in terms of biodiversity compared to the rest because its environment varies a lot.
Sandy beach
An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.
Heterotroph
The big reason why there are rarely more than 5 trophic levels. (Three Reasons)
-Energy losses between trophic levels
-Loss of heat energy
-Insufficient energy available
This portion of the zooplankton is a floating mass of eggs and larvae of organisms that become nektonic or benthic in their adult stage.
Meroplankton
This is the majority of the zooplankton that spend their whole life floating, drifting, or swimming weakly in the water.
Holoplankton
Who is the Father of Taxonomy?
Carl Linnaeus
What makes a protist different from a bacterium?
Protists are eukaryotic organisms while bacteria are prokaryotic
Since phytoplanktons require sunlight to produce their food, they mostly reside in which zone of the ocean?
Photic Zone
Give an example of a non-chordate nekton.
Any organisms from the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and other possible animal phyla that can swim against the current (e.g.: squid, shrimp)
What kind of benthic organisms burrow themselves into the sediments?
Infaunas
Based on the viscosity of water, how do the physiological adaptations of marine organisms from colder regions differ from those in the warmer regions?
Organisms from warmer regions have appendages to stay afloat in the less viscous warm water, while those in the colder regions have streamlined bodies to swim freely in the more viscous cold water.
What marine organisms are able to conform to the osmolarity of their environment?
Osmoconformers
What do most marine organism in the deeper parts of the ocean lack as an adaptation to the great pressure?
Compressible air packet-like organs, such as lungs.
What do you call the adaptation of some marine organisms wherein the upper half of their body has a darker color while the lower half has a lighter one?
Countershading
The Portuguese man o’ war is a colony of what organism?
Zooids or Polyps
____ sediments are deposited at rates slower than 1cm/100yrs.
Pelagic
A mixture of silt and clay.
Mud
The age of the overlying crust determines the length of the time over which sedimentation has taken place. T/F?
False
Oozes on the ridge flanks have high metal contents where seafloor spreading rates are slow. T/F?
True
This area is characterized by diatomaceous oozes and chlorite as the dominant clay material.
Polar Seas
What is the marine sediment type surrounding the Philippines?
Terrigenous/Lithogenous
The shortest diameter is used to classify sediments based on grain diameter. T/F?
False
The grain size classification scheme does not give any information on the mineral composition of the sediment. T/F?
True
These sediments are created in situ from the precipitation dissolved chemicals.
Authigenic Sediments
These are deposits with sedimentation rates or zero or less.
Relicts
This is the area where lithogenous sediments are the most common.
Continental Margins
This is an important transport agent at high latitudes.
Ice
Sedimentation rates decreases with increasing depth. T/F?
True
These sediments are composed of detrital hard and soft parts formed by marine organisms.
Biogenous Sediments
Particle sinking rates can be estimated by ____.
Oswald’s Law
