Final Vocab Flashcards
statim (adverb)
immediately
hic, haec, hoc
this; he, she, it, they; the latter
manus, manus, f.
hand; band of people
offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus
offer
consilium, i, n.
plan, advice
proelium, proelii, n.
a battle, fight
gero, gerere, gessi, gestus
carry, bear; wear; do, carry on
sic (adverb)
thus, so, in this way
trans (preposition+acc)
across
accidit, accidere, accidit — (+ noun result cl as S)
happen
recipio, recipere, recepi, receptus
to take back, receive, cover; se recipere to retreat
copia, copiae, f.
abundance; (pl.) troops, supplies
apud (preposition + acc)
in the presence of, among
inimicus, inimica, inimicum (often + dat)
hostile, unfriendly
sine (preposition)
without
enim (logical conn)
indeed, truly; [explanatory] for
cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus (+/- compl infin; AcI ind comm)
desire, wish
litus, litoris, n.
shore, beach
tu, tui
you
hīc (adv)
here, in this place
noceo, nocere, nocui (+dat obj)
harm, do harm to
existimo, existimare, existimavi, existimatus (+/- ind st)
to think, consider
rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus (+/-ind ques; ut/ne ind comm)
ask
nox, noctis, f.
night
capio, capere, cepi, captus
take, seize, get
adeo (adverb; +/- adv result cl)
to such a degree
malo, malle, malui (+/- compl infin, AcI ind comm)
prefer
ante (preposition + acc)
in front of, before
servus, i, m.
slave
sum, esse, fui, futurus
be, exist
patior, pati, passus (+/-AcI ind comm)
suffer, endure, allow
uterque, utraque, utrumque (special adjective)
(usually sing.) each (of two)
ne (negator)
not (with main clause subjunctive verb, signals a negative polite command, a negative exhortation, or a negative wish)
imperator, toris, m.
commander, leader; commander-in-chief
nescio, nescire, nescivi (+/- AcI ind st; ind ques)
not know, be ignorant of
ni=nisi
if not; except; unless
hortor, hortari, hortatus (+ut/ne ind comm)
encourage, urge
tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus
to take up, lift, raise; remove, carry off
auxilium, auxilii, n.
help, aid; (in pl) auxiliary troops
per (preposition+acc)
through
magnus, a, um
great, large
prohibeo, prohibere, prohibui, prohibitus
prevent, hinder, keep from
quam (subord. conj.)
than; (as correlative) as; (+ superlative) as…as possible; (in exclamations) How…!
templum, i, n.
a sacred space, a temple
usque (adv)
all the way, continuously
iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus (+ AcI ind comm)
order
quantus, a, um
what size, how great a….
ingens (ingentis)
vast, enormous
incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptus (+ compl infin)
to begin
aureus, a, um
of gold, golden
et=etiam
even
adversus, a, um
against, opposite
vivo, vivere, vixi, victurus
live, be alive
libertas, libertatis, f.
liberty, freedom
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus
accept, receive
ceteri, ae, a
the others, the rest
pater, patris, m.
father; pl. senators
mens, mentis, f.
mind, judgement
itaque (coord. conj. (sent. conn.))
and so, therefore
deinde (adverb)
then, next
primus, a, um
first
sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum
sit
quoniam (subord conj)
since, because
quamquam (subord. conj.)
although
genus, generis, n.
kind, race, type
peto, petere, petivi, petitus (+/- ut/ne ind comm)
seek, look for, ask for; attack
finis, finis, m.
end, goal; boundary
potior, potiri, potitus (+abl)
take control of, acquire, obtain
venio, venire, veni, venturus
come
adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus
be present, be at hand
terra, ae, f.
earth, land
singuli, ae, a (pl)
single, separate, one at a time
post (adverb)
afterward
absens (absentis)
absent
magis (comparative adverb)
more
exeo, exire, exii, exiturus
leave, go out
ante (adverb)
previously, before
quod (subord. conj.)
because
nunc (adverb)
now
super (adverb)
over, above; (preposition + acc/abl) over, above
mos, moris, m.
habit, custom; (pl) morals, character
habeo, habere, habui, habitus
have
fides, fidei, f.
trust, guarantee, certainty, good faith, honor, honesty, loyalty
primo (adv)
at first
transeo, transire, transii, transitus (trans & intrans)
to go over, cross, pass over
soleo, solere, solitus (+compl infin)
be accustomed
teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus (+/- factitive in act; +/- lkg in pass)
hold; inhabit; understand; (as fact or lkg) consider
ignis, ignis, m.
fire
ut (subord. conj.)
when, as, that (in questions, “how?”)
ne (subord. conj.)
that…not (signals a negative indirect command or purpose clause, a positive clause of fearing, or introduces an indirect question (“whether”))
ille, illa, illud
that; he, she, it, they (pl.); the former
pes, pedis, m.
foot
ager, agri, m.
field
circiter (adv & prep w/acc)
about
bellum, i, n.
war
de (preposition+abl)
from, down from; about, concerning
incolo, incolere, incolui, incultus
to inhabit, dwell in
fio, fieri, factus
be made, become, happen
nos, nostrum
we, us
nego, negare, negavi, negatus (+/- AcI ind st)
deny, say…not
vulnus, vulneris, n.
a wound
regnum, i, n.
rule; kingdom
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
send
longus, longa, longum
long
causa, ae, f.
reason, cause, legal case; (causā + preceding gen.) on account of, for the sake of
potens (potentis)
powerful
timor, timoris, m.
fear, dread
brevis, breve
short, brief
dico, dicere, dixi, dictus (+/- AcI ind st; ind question)
say, tell, speak; call, name
ita (adverb)
thus, so, (ita…ut, just as)
metus, us, m.
fear
amicus, i, m.
friend
caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus
cut down, kill
solus, sola, solum (special adjective)
alone, the only
vix (adv)
with difficulty, scarcely
vox, vocis, f.
voice, shout
at (coord. conj.)
but
quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus (+/- ind ques)
look for, search for, ask
altus, alta, altum
high, deep
concedo, concedere concessi, consessus
allow; give up, yield
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus
seize, grab; hurry off (a person)
omnis, omne
every; pl., all
multitudo, multitudinis, f.
a large number, a multitude
memoria, ae, f.
memory
noster, nostra, nostrum
our
arma, armorum, n.
weapons
moror, morari, moratus
delay, stay, linger
nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus (+/-AcI ind st, ind ques)
announce
qui, quae, quod (rel. prn.)
who, which, that (eo…quo…: correl.: the ______ -er…the ______.er)
respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsus (+/- AcI ind st)
answer
rego, regere, rexi, rectus
rule, direct
victoria, victoriae, f.
victory
senatus, ūs, m.
senate
ac (coord conj)
and
nihil, n. (noun)
nothing; (adverb) not at all
princeps (principis)
first, foremost; as substantive leader
urbs, urbis, f.
city
vinco, vincere, vici, victus
conquer, prevail
e|ex (preposition)
from, out of
infero, inferre, intuli, illatus
bring in, bring (acc) upon (dat); bellum inferre: make war on (+dat)
alius, alia, aliud (special adjective)
another, other
scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus (+/- AcI ind st)
write
paro, parare, paravi, paratus (+/- compl infin)
prepare, get ready
rex, regis, m.
king
impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus (+ut/ne ind comm)
order, impose
voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus (may be factitive in act; lkg in pass)
call, invite
antequam (subord conj)
before
pareo, parere, parui (+dat)
obey, be obedient to
appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatus (may be factitive in act; lkg in pass)
call, name
dux, ducis, m.
leader, general
supero, superare, superavi, superatus
overcome, surpass
cogo, cogere coegi, coactus (+ AcI ind comm)
to force, compel
suus, a, um
his/her/its/their own
vir, viri, m.
man [as opposed to woman]; husband
carus, cara, carum
dear
moneo, monere, monui, monitus (+ ind comm)
advise, warn
si (subord. conj.)
if
vis, f.
force, power, violence; pl., strength
pecunia, ae, f.
money
nam (logical conn)
for (explanatory)
praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus
to offer, hold out
hostis, hostis, m.f.
enemy (often in pl.)
novus, a, um
new, strange
nullus, a, um (special adjective)
no; not any
et (coord. conj.)
and (et…et…, both… and…)
patria, ae, f.
country, fatherland, homeland
mons, montis, m.
mountain
plebs, plebis, f. (sg nom form often occurs with pl vb)
the plebs, the plebians
talis, tale (+/- adv result)
such of such a kind
unus, a, um (special adjective)
one
legatus, legati, m.
[political] ambassador, envoy; [military] legate, commander (of a legion)
ego, mei
I, me
etsi (subord. conj.)
even if, although
filius, i, m.
son
tandem (adverb)
finally, at last
facilis, facile
easy
studium, studii, n.
zeal, eagerness; devotion to; application to learning, study
refero, referre, rettuli, relatus
carry back, bring back
deus, i, m.
god
oportet, oportere, oportuit (impersonal; +ut/ne ind comm)
is necessary
sto, stare, steti, staturus
stand
redeo, redire, redii, rediturus
go back, return
tantus, a, um (+/- adv result)
such great, so great
labor, laboris, m.
toil, hardship
simul (adverb)
together, at the same time
ingredior, ingredi, ingressus
to step in/into, to enter, go in
annus, i, m.
year
consul, consulis, m.
consul (the highest office in republican Rome)
utor, uti, usus (+abl obj)
use
totiens (adverb)
so often
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
self (myself, yourself, himself, etc.)
natura, naturae, f.
nature
latus, a, um
broad, wide
facile (adverb)
easily
passus, passūs, m.
a step, pace; mille passūs a mile; milia passuum miles
debeo, debere, debui, debitus
owe; (+ compl inf) ought
nolo, nolle, nolui (+/-compl infin, AcI ind comm)
not wish, be unwilling
sed (coord. conj.)
but
do, dare, dedi, datus
give
primum (adverb)
for the first time
–ne (enclitic; interrog)
[signals a yes/no question]
ibi (adverb)
there, in that place
acies, aciei, f.
keenness, edge; battle line, whole army; battle
mors, mortis, f.
death
nil (indecl noun), n.
nothing
virtus, virtutis, f.
excellence, courage, goodness, virtue
licet licere licuit (impersonal; +ut/ne ind comm)
is allowed, is possible
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus (+/- AcI ind st)
to learn, recognize
vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus
to wound, injure
-que (enclitic; coord. conj.)
and
difficilis, difficile
difficult
animus, i, m.
mind; pl., high spirits; pride, courage
consuesco, consuescere, consuevi, consuetum (+ compl infin)
to be accustomed to
turpis, turpe
ugly, deformed; disgraceful; obscene, indecent
medius, a, um
middle, middle of
parvus, a, um
small
reliquus, a, um
remaining, the other, the rest
totus, a, um (special adjective)
whole, entire
coepi, coepisse, coeptus (+ compl infin)
begin
tempus, temporis, n.
time
socius, ii, m.
companion, comrade; ally
vita, ae, f.
life
consuetudo, consuetudinis, f.
custom, habit
uxor, uxoris, f.
wife
efficio, efficere, effeci, effectus (+/- noun result as DO)
bring about
caput, capitis, n.
head
periculum, i, n.
danger
uter, utra, utrum (special adjective)
which (of two)?
interrogo, interrogare, interrogavi, interrogatus (+/-ind ques; ut/ne ind comm)
ask
locus, i, m.
place, position; pl., loca, -orum: places; region; loci, -orum: literary passages
inde (adverb)
from this place, from there
filia, filiae, f.
daughter
loquor, loqui, locutus (+/- AcI ind st)
say, speak, tell
etiam (intensifier)
even, also (sometimes abbreviated to et)
constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutus (+/- compl infin, ut/ne)
decide, set up
facio, facere, feci, factus (may be factitive)
make, do
laus, laudis, f.
praise, glory; fame
postquam (subord. conj.)
after
eo, ire, ii (ivi), iturus
go
ullus, a, um (special adjective)
any
aqua, ae, f.
water
autem (logical conn)
however, moreover
bonus, a, um
good; pl. goods, property
conor, conari, conatus (+/- compl infin)
to try
intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectus (+ AcI ind st)
understand, perceive
iam (adverb)
already
persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi, persuasurus (+dat, +ut/ne ind comm)
persuade, convince
castra, castrorum, n.
camp; (sg) fortress
nascor, nasci, natus
to be born
bene (adverb)
well
ex(s)pecto, ex(s)pectare, ex(s)pectavi, ex(s)pectatus
look for, wait for
postea (adverb)
afterwards, later
fero, ferre, tuli, latus
bring, carry, endure; say
pono, ponere, posui, positus
lay, put, place
civilis, civile
of a citizen, civil
conficio, conficere, confeci, confectus
to finish, accomplish
relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus
leave behind, abandon
orbis, orbis, m.
a circle; orbis terrarum the world
sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus (+/- ind st)
feel, perceive
suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasurus (+dat; ut/ne ind comm)
persuade
se, se, sibi, sui
himself, herself, itself, themselves
igitur (logical conn)
therefore, and so
incendo, incendere, incendi, incensus
to kindle, set fire to, burn
atque (coord. conj.)
and; as (after aeque, pariter and simul)
unā (adv)
together
amicitia, amicitiae, f.
friendship
vito, vitare, vitavi, vitatus
to avoid, shun
vultus, vultūs, m.
the expression of the face, countenance, look, aspect
aio (+/- ind statement)
affirm, assert, say
volo, velle, volui (+/- compl infin, NF or F ind comm)
want, wish, be willing
mare, maris, n.
sea
homo, hominis, m.
human being, man [as opposed to beasts]
video, videre, vidi, visus (+/- ind st; ind ques)
see; (in passive may be lkg +/- compl
traho, trahere, traxi, tractus
drag, draw, pull
spes, spei, f.
expectation, hope
mox (adverb)
soon, later
tum (adverb)
then
cum (preposition+abl)
with
absum, abesse, afui, afuturus
to be away, be absent; to be far from
civitas, civitatis, f.
state, citizenship
qui? quae? quod? (interrog. adj.)
what, which?
creo, creare, creavi, creatus (may be factitive in act; lkg in pass)
to create, elect
is, ea, id
he, she, it, they (pl.)
frango, frangere, fregi, fractus
break
-ve (enclitic; coord. conj.)
or (-ve…-ve: either or)
natus, i, m.
son
res, rei, f.
thing, affair, situation, circumstance; res publica the state; res Romana the (Roman) state
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tensus/tentus
to stretch, extend; [as intrans vb of motion] to go
iudicium, i, n.
a trial
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus (+/- AcI ind st)
perceive, distinguish
honos, honoris, m.
honor, a mark of honor or respect, distinction
exercitus, ūs, m.
army
civis, civis, m.
citizen, a fellow citizen
fortuna, ae, f.
luck, chance
lego, legere, legi, lectus
read; choose
arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus sum (+ AcI in ind st)
think
iter, itineris, n.
journey; route, way
lex, legis, f.
law
inquit (+direct speech)
says
alter, altera, alterum (special adjective)
one (of two), the other
ad (preposition + acc)
to, toward; for; [w/numbers] about
signum, i, n.
a sign, mark; a (military) standard
meus, a, um
my, mine
audio, audire, audivi, auditus (+/- AcI ind st)
hear, listen to
equus, i, m.
horse
scio, scire, scivi, scitus (+/- AcI ind st; ind ques)
know
post (preposition+acc)
behind, after
quidem (adverb)
indeed, in fact, certainly
pro (preposition+abl)
for, on behalf of; instead of; before, in front of
moveo, movere, movi, motus
move
cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus
fall
aliquis, aliquid
someone/something, anyone/anything
sub (preposition+abl/acc)
beneath, below, under
populus, i, m.
the people, a nation; populus Romanus: the Roman people
acer, acris, acre
sharp, fierce
comparo, comparare, comparavi, comparatus
to prepare, get ready, provide
cura, curae, f.
concern, care
verto, vertere,verti, versus
turn, turn around; destroy; change
ius, iuris, n.
right, law
condo, condere, condidi, conditus
found, establish
inter (preposition)
between, among
maxime (adverb)
very much, very greatly
imperium, i, n.
command, order; power (of ordering); authority, sovereignty; empire
placeo, placere, placui (+ dat; +/- vbl noun infin)
please, be pleasing to
porto, portare, portavi, portatus
to carry, convey
ubi (subord. conj.)
where, when
interficio, ere, feci, fectus
kill
fas, n. (indecl)
right; divine law
quoque (adverb)
also
tam (adverb; +/- adv result)
so (tam…quam, as…as)
in (preposition)
(+abl) in, on; (+acc) into, onto, against
fama, famae, f.
fame, report, reputation; rumor
amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus
send away, let go; lose
multus, a, um
much; (pl.) many
gens, gentis, f.
nation, race, clan, family
sol, solis, m.
sun
a/ab (preposition+abl)
from, away from; by [w/animate agent + passive voice verb]
credo, credere, credidi, creditus
(+ dat obj) trust, rely on; (+ AcI ind st) believe
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus
set out, start out
sanguis, sanguinis, m.
blood
oppidum, i, n.
a town
iniuria, ae, f.
an injury, injustice, wrong
occasio, occasionis, f.
an opportunity
saepe (adverb)
often
miles, militis, m.
soldier
contra (preposition)
against; (also adverb) on the contrary
non (adverb)
not
resisto, resistere, restiti (+ dat obj)
resist, offer resistance to
ops, opis, f.
power; (pl.) wealth, resources
verbum, i, n.
word
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus
lead
vester, vestra, vestrum
your (pl.)
libet, libere, libuit, libitus est
it pleases, is pleasing/agreeable
puto, putare, putavi, putatus (+/- AcI ind st)
think, consider
nomen, nominis, n.
name
servo, servare, servavi, servatus
to save
pax, pacis, f.
peace
ago, agere, egi, actus
do, act, drive, lead
fortis, forte
strong, brave
iratus, a, um
angry
littera, litterae, f.
letter (of the alphabet); (pl) a letter, dispatch; litterature
eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptus
to snatch away
frater, fratris, m.
brother
undique (adv)
from or on all sides, from everywhere
adeo adīre, adii, aditurus
go to, approach
nemo, neminis, m.&f.
no one
tot (indecl. adj; +/- adv result)
so many
domus, domus, f.
home
fugio, fugere, fugi, fugiturus
flee
nisi (subord. conj.)
if not, unless
pauci, ae, a
few
puer, pueri, m.
boy, child
audeo, audere, ausus (+compl infin)
dare
quis, quid (interrogative pronoun)
who?, what?
maneo, manere, mansi, mansus
to remain, stay; to persist
numquam (adverb)
never
invenio, invenire, inveni, inventus
come upon, find, discover
denique (adv)
finally, at last
tamen (adverb)
nevertheless
morior, mori, mortuus
die
an (interrogative; +/- ind question)
or; whether? if?
regina, reginae, f.
queen
provincia, provinciae, f.
a province (a country outside Italy governed by a Roman magistrate)
subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectus
to throw under; to subject; to submit
liber, libera, liberum
free
quidam, quaedam, quiddam (quoddam) (indef prn/adj)
a certain person/thing
pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnaturus
fight
verus, vera, verum
true, real
liberi, liberorum, m.pl.
children
dies, diei, m.f.
day, time
neuter, neutra, neutrum (special adjective)
neither (of two)
possum, posse, potui (+compl infin)
can, be able
trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus
to hand over, give up, surrender; to hand down, report, relate
pars, partis, f.
part; (in plural) political party
vos, vestrum
you (pl.)
dum (subord. conj.)
while, until, provided that
ob (preposition + acc)
because of, on account of
semper (adverb)
always
postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatus (+/- ut/ne ind comm)
demand, require
potestas, potestatis, f.
power, control; opportunity
cum (subord. conj.)
when, since, although
cogito, cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus (+/- AcI ind st)
think, consider
studeo, studere, studui
to be eager, be interested in; to support, favour; to study
sequor, sequi, secutus
follow
aut (coord. conj.)
or (aut…aut…., either… or….)
antea (adverb)
before, formerly, earlier, previously
navis, navis, f.
ship
certus, a, um
decided, certain, fixed
idem, eadem, idem
the same
flumen, fluminis, n.
river
