Final Unit 7 Flashcards
What are the various causes for Limitations of ROM?
- Trauma of the joint or surrounding tissues.
- Disease of the joint or surrounding tissues.
- Any other impairments that limit typical movements.
What are the Types of ROM?
- AROM (active): When we contract muscles needed to perform given movement.
- SROM (self): When you or client performs ROM on him/herself on the affected side Using the Unaffected Side.
- AAROM (active assistive): Client or therapist proves some help during AROM.
- PROM (passive): Therapist moves client through a given range (more common than AROM).
When to use PROM rather than AROM:
- Tendon not intact (if muscle contracts, nothing to pull).
- Muscle weakness (somebody help).
- Pain limiting AROM.
- Scar tissue limiting ROM.
Why might both AROM & PROM be affected?
- Bony block
- Capsular tightness (frozen shoulder)
- Muscle tightness
- Edema
- Contractures
- Extensive scar tissue
What are the different types of End Feel?
- Bony/Hard (e.g. elbow/knee extension).
- Soft (e.g. elbow/knee flexion).
- Capsular: Firm with some give.
- Springy: Hard rebound at the end ROM (always abnormal)
- Spasm: Harsh movement in opposite direction (always abnormal)
- Empty: No feel–client asks to stop because of pain.
When taking ROM measurements, should client be Sitting or Standing?
Sitting
What are adverse Consequences of Edema?
- Decreased ROM
- Pain
- Decreased sensation
- Impaired occupational participation
Ways to Measure Edema?
• Volumeter:
–Water, see how much is displaced. Good b/c entire hand can be measured. More accureate but used less often.
• Perometer: Uses infrared beams to estimate limb volume. Pros: hygienic; can measure any part of limb; accurate calculations.
Ways to measure Strength:
• MMT
• Grip strength (J. Dynamometer)
• Pinch strength (Pinchometer)
–3 types of pinch: tip, lateral/key, 3 jaw chuck.
What are Exner’s stages of in-hand manipulation?
- Translation: Move from fingertips to palm or palm to fingertips.
- Shift: Move side-to-side with fingertips.
- Simple rotation: Rotate object using the pads of fingers & thumb simultaneously (opening jar).
- Complex rotation: Turning an object from one end to the other. E.g., flipping pencil to eraser-side.
What conditions might impact endurance (activity tolerance)?
- Cardiac. Cardiorespiratory endurance: Circulatory & Respiratory Systems supply oxygen during task; oxygen saturation.
- Pulmonary.
- Loss of muscle function.
- Prolonged bed rest.
- Need for prosthesis/adaptive equipment.
How would you measure Cardiorespiratory & Muscle endurance?
Borg Perceived Exertion scale:
• A 15 point scale where client rates subjective feeling of how effortful a task was. 6 (no exertion) to 20 (max exertion).
• Multiplying the rating by 10 = estimate of heart rate.
What is the Order you assess Muscle Strength?
1) AROM
2) PROM
3) MMT
What must the therapist understand prior to administering any tests?
- Client’s history (PMI)
- Diagnosis
- Indications & Contraindications
What is de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis? How is it tested? What are the motions involved? Muscles?
- What: Inflammation of tendons at base of thumb, causing the sheath to swell & enlarge = “Mommy’s thumb.”
- Measurement: Finkelstein’s test for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis.
- Motions: MCP extension & CMC abduction.
- Muscles: Extensor pollicus brevis & Abductor pollicus longus
