Exam 2 Unit 5 Flashcards
How do you measure Balance?
Berg Balance Test
What occurs at the pelvis when we walk?
With weight shifting, lateral pelvic-tilt occurs, controlled by the gluteus medius & minimus (ABductor muscles).
– If those muscles are weak = Exaggerated Lateral Pelvic Tilt, Trendelenburg Gait Pattern. (Contralateral pelvic drop)
What are prerequisites for Neutral Posture?
- ASIS & PSIS are level horizontally.
- ASIS & Pubic Symphysis are even vertically.
- ASIS are level horizontally.
List Antigravity Muscles
Main: • Knee Extensors • Hip Extensors • Trunk Extensors • Neck Extensors
Muscles controlling Postural Sway? Plane?
Ankle Plantar & Dorsiflexors.
• Postural sway occurs in the Sagittal Plane.
Lateral Pelvic Tilt:
• When one hip is higher than other–walking, working them hips.
• Typically due to weak Hip ABductors (Gluteus Medius & Minimus).
– Results in the Trindelenburg gait pattern.
• Co-occuring with Horizontal Displacement.
Horizontal Displacement:
Occurs naturally during walking cycle.
– As you shift form one leg to another while walking, this naturally occurs while shifting weight over planted foot.
Also occurs when you stand on one leg.
• Co-occurring with Lateral Pelvic Tile.
Define Kinesthesia:
Your body’s perception of joint Motion
vs. Proprioception
UE Flexion Synergy Components
- Scapular Retraction & Elevation.
- Shoulder ABduction & External Rotation.
- Elbow Flexion.
- Forearm Supination.
UE Extensor Synergy Components
- Scapular Protraction
- Shoulder ADduction & Internal Rotation
- Elbow Extension
- Forearm Pronation
LE Flexion Synergy Components
- Hip Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation,
- Knee Flexion
- Ankle Dorsiflexion, Inversion
- Toe Dorsiflexion
LE Extension Synergy Components
- Hip Extension, ADduction, Internal Rotation
- Knee Extension
- Ankle Plantarflexion, Inversion
- Toe Plantarflexion
Landmarks for Poster Plumb Line
- Calcanei (midline–between)
- Gluteal Cleft (butt crack)
- Thorax/Spine
Landmarks for Lateral Plumb Line
• Ear, Shoulder, Hip, Knee (slight anterior lean), Ankle
Landmarks for Anterior Plumb Line
- Between Feet
- Belly Button
- Sternum
- Nose/Face
Dysmetria.
Cause?
Test:
Deficit in ability to accurately Judge Distances = overshooting & undershooting (dad trying to catch baseball).
Caused by Cerebellar Lesions.
Test: Bring finger from nose to OTs finger.
Apraxia:
Inability to implement Purposeful Movement that cannot be explained by weakness, sensation, memory, motivation, or coordination deficits.
If you ask someone to comb their hair & they’re simply unable, what gives?
Assessment?
Ideomotor Apraxia: Fully understand what they’re supposed to do–they just can’t do the requested task.
Assessment: “Show me how you would use a hammer; show me how to salute (culturally conscious).”
Limb Apraxia:
Difficulties in planning/executing limb movement sequence.
- Ideomotor Apraxia.
- Ideational Apraxia.
If you ask someone to write down something & they pick up a banana in-place of a pen, what gives?
Cause?
Assessment:
Ideational Apraxia: Person cannot pretend to do the *full activity, nor describe what to do with an object. Do still have the motor ability to do the task.
CNS Damage–left hemisphere, frontal lobe.
• May be able to do part of activity, but not the whole thing, just the tip.
If someone tries to copy a drawing & are terrible at it, what gives?
Assessments:
Contructional Apraxia.
Assessments: Two types–
1) Graphic: Copying line drawings, or, drawing on command.
2) Assembly: Block & stick designs.
OT Interventions for Praxis difficulties
- Compensatory strategies: E.g., verbalizing the sequence while performing tasks; viewing pictures that illustrate required steps.
- Gesture Training: Phased training involving the presentation of various items/objects & having client demo use.
- Task Specific Training with Errorless Learing: Like ABSC–first hand-over-hand, then demo steps, etc.
Dysdiadochokinesia
Cause?
Test
Impaiment of the ability to perform rapidly alternating movements.
Cerebellar lesions
Test: Have them pronate & supinate had rapidly.
Define Cognition
Learning, processing, interpreting, adjusing compensating, adapting, integrating, experiences, judgement, memory, attention, intelligence, consciousness, orientation, emotions, & perceptions.
Metacognition
Self-awareness; helps analyze, monitor, progress, & plan strategies to problem solve.
Executive Functioning:
Complex goal-directed behavior: decision making, problem-solving. Used in a lot of ADL’s
Praxis:
Ability to carry out sequential movements with correct timing & transitions between one movement & another •(Motor Planning)•
– Makes movements automatic.
