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BIO 189: Fundamentals of BIO > Final Study Guide Practice Questions > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Practice Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
1. Mitochondria
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm
4. Chloroplasts

A
  1. Cytoplasm
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2
Q

What most directly forms ATP?
1. Active transport of H+ into the intermembrane space.
2. Passive transport of H+ after the H+ gradient is formed.
3. The production of Acetyl-CoA.

A
  1. Passive transport of H+ after the H+ gradient is formed.
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3
Q

How many ATP are produced from one glucose molecule via aerobic respiration?
1. 8-12
2. 32-38
3. 125-150

A
  1. 32-38
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4
Q

In what step is pyruvate produced?
1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain

A
  1. Glycolysis
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5
Q

In what step is water produced?
1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain

A
  1. Electron Transport Chain
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6
Q

In what step is Acetyl-CoA used as a reactant?
1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain

A
  1. Citric Acid Cycle
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7
Q

How many (approximately) ATP are made from one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration?
1. 2
2. 32
3. 46
4. 23

A
  1. 2
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8
Q

If thymine bases make up 40% of a DNA sample, what percentage are cytosine?
1. 40%
2. 80%
3. 10%
4. 20%

A
  1. 10%
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9
Q

What part of the nucleotide gives it its properties?
1. Sugar
2. Base
3. Backbone

A
  1. Base
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10
Q

What is the genotype of a biological female?
1. XX
2. XY

A
  1. XX
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11
Q

How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
1. 46
2. 23
3. 2
4. 4

A
  1. 23
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12
Q

The enzyme that carries out DNA synthesis during replication is…
1. Helicase
2. Primase
3. DNA Polymerase
4. RNA Polymerase

A
  1. DNA Polymerase
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13
Q

The enzyme required for transcription in Euks?
1. Helicase
2. Primase
3. DNA Polymerase
4. RNA Polymerase

A
  1. RNA Polymerase
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14
Q

What uses the anticodon and coordinating amino acid to build the polypeptide in translation?
1. Ribosome
2. DNA Polymerase
3. tRNA
4. rRNA
5. DNA

A
  1. tRNA
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15
Q

What parts of the RNA are NOT translated?
1. Introns
2. Exons
3. Start Codons

A
  1. Introns
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16
Q

One of more nucleotides are added into the DNA
1. Base substitution
2. Insertion
3. Deletion

A
  1. Insertion
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17
Q

All mutations are bad (true or false):
1. True
2. False

A
  1. False
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18
Q

What RNA Strand would be produced from the DNA strand 3’AATTCGGAT5’?
1. 3’UUAAGCCUA5’
2. 5’UUAAGCCUA3’
3. 3’TTAAGCCTA5’
4. 5’TTAAGCCTA3’

A
  1. 5’UUAAGCCUA3’
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19
Q

Crossing over occurs in:
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Both

A
  1. Meiosis
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20
Q

Crossing over occurs in:
1. Prophase I
2. Phrophase II
3. Both

A
  1. Prophase I
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21
Q

Genetically IDENTICAL cells are a result of:
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Both

A
  1. Mitosis
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22
Q

Sexual reproduction:
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Both

A
  1. Meiosis
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23
Q

DNA is replicated in:
1. Mitosis
2. S Phase
3. GI and G2
4. G0

A
  1. S Phase
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24
Q

DNA is replicated before:
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Both

A
  1. Both
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25
Q

1st phase of mitosis:
1. Anaphase
2. Metaphase
3. Prophase
4. Telophase

A
  1. Prophase
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26
Q

Interphase includes all except…
1. DNA replicating
2. Organelles replicating
3. Cell growing in size
4. Chromosomes condensing

A
  1. Chromosomes condensing
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27
Q

Suppression of this gene causes cancer:
1. Oncogene
2. Suppressor gene
3. Both

A
  1. Suppressor gene
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28
Q

Cells at the end of mitosis are:
1. Diploid
2. Haploid

A
  1. Diploid
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29
Q

Cells at the end of meiosis are:
1. Diploid
2. Haploid

A
  1. Haploid
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30
Q

Chromosomes with identical DNA:
1. Sister chromatids
2. Homologous Chromosomes

A
  1. Sister Chromatids
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31
Q

What stage of respiration uses oxygen?
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs
3. Electron Transport Chain

A
  1. Electron Transport Chain
32
Q

In respiration, oxygen eventually is used to create…
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water
3. ATP

A
  1. Water
33
Q

A nucleotide contains all of the following except:
1. Nitrogenous base
2. Hydrogen bondj
3. Five carbon sugar
4. Phosphate group

A
  1. Hydrogen bond
34
Q

In RNA, A binds with
1. T
2. U
3. C
4. G

A
  1. U
35
Q

The presence of a ____ chromosome determines biological malesness:
1. X
2. Y
3. 21
4. 16

A
  1. Y
36
Q

Humans have how many total chromosomes?
1. 2
2. 23
3. 32
4. 46
5. 64

A
  1. 46
37
Q

After S phase, how many total chromatids do humans have?
1. 2
2. 23
3. 32
4. 46
5. 92

A
  1. 92
38
Q

In DNA replication, what happens after the DNA is unwound?
1. DNA is read and new nucleotides are added
2. Gaps are filled in
3. Primers are created
4. RNA is generated

A
  1. Primers are created
39
Q

What enzyme adds DNA in DNA replication?
1. DNA Polymerase
2. RNA Polymerase
3. Primase
4. Ligase
5. Helicase

A
  1. DNA Polymerase
40
Q

Which is most inclusive?
1. Chromosome
2. Allele
3. Chromatid
4. Gene

A
  1. Chromosome
41
Q

Which is least inclusive?
1. Chromosome
2. Allele
3. Chromatid
4. Gene

A
  1. Allele
42
Q

What part of the mRNA transcript is spliced out (not translated)?
1. Introns
2. Exons
3. Coding region

A
  1. Introns
43
Q

All of the following are products of the Kreb’s cycle except:
1. CO2
2. NADH
3. FADH2
4. Water
5. ATP

A
  1. Water
44
Q

Which type of fermentation produces carbon dioxide?
1. Lactic
2. Alcoholic

A
  1. Alcoholic
45
Q

All of the following are used in translation except:
1. Ribosome
2. tRNA
3. DNA
4. mRNA

A
  1. DNA
46
Q

Codes for a trait (is not observable trait):
1. Genotype
2. Phenotype

A
  1. Genotype
47
Q

Heterozygous genotype:
1. AA
2. Aa
3. aa

A
  1. Aa
48
Q

Both alleles are present in phenotype equally:
1. Complete dominance
2. Incomplete dominance
3. Codominance

A
  1. Codominance
49
Q

Would show dominant phenotype (assuming complete dominance):
1. AA
2. Aa
3. aa

A
  1. AA
  2. Aa
50
Q

Genotypes AA and Aa are both purple, this means the gene has to exhibit:
1. Complete dominance
2. Incomplete dominance
3. Codominance

A
  1. Complete dominance
51
Q

Genotype is the only thing that impacts phenotype:
1. True
2. False

A
  1. False
52
Q

Which of the following is not a polygenic trait?
1. Human height
2. Human skin color
3. Dog fur color
4. Human ABO blood groups

A
  1. Human ABO blood groups
53
Q

Cannot skip a generation:
1. Autosomal dominant
2. Autosomal recessive
3. X-linked

A
  1. Autosomal dominant
54
Q

Males cannot be carriers:
1. Autosomal dominant
2. Autosomal recessive
3. X-linked

A
  1. Autosomal dominant
  2. X-linked
55
Q

A man had type AB blood and a woman has type A blood. Can their child have type O blood?
1. Yes
2. No

A
  1. No
56
Q

A man and a woman both have type B blood. Can their child have type O blood?
1. Yes
2. No

A
  1. Yes
57
Q

A white and a red flower produce white, red, and pink offspring. What kind of dominance?
1. Complete dominance
2. Incomplete dominance
3. Codominance

A
  1. Incomplete dominance
58
Q

A pink flower (Aa) and a red flower (AA) are crossed. What percentage of their offspring will be pink?
1. 25%
2. 50%
3. 75%
4. 100%

A
  1. 50%
59
Q

Hemophilia A follows X-linked recessive inheritance. A woman has the disorder and a man does not. What percentage of their daughters will have it?
1. 0%
2. 25%
3. 50%
4. 75%
5. 100%

A
  1. 0%
60
Q

What is required for water to be made in respiration?
1. H+
2. Electrons
3. Oxygen
4. All of the above

A
  1. All of the above
61
Q

What step of respiration produces pyruvate?
1. Krebs cycle
2. Electron transport chain
3. Glycolysis

A
  1. Glycolysis
62
Q

What happens after a proton gradient is formed in the mitochondria?
1. Pyruvate is produced
2. ATP is produced
3. H+ moves back down its gradient
4. The cell dies

A
  1. H+ moves back down its gradient
63
Q

What is not produced during the citric acid cycle?
1. CO2
2. ATP
3. NADH
4. Water
5. FADH2

A
  1. Water
64
Q

Mitosis produces ____ cells and meiosis produces ____ cells.
1. Haploid, diploid
2. Diploid, haploid
3. Gametes, somatic cells
4. Somatic cells, gametes

A
  1. Diploid, Haploid
  2. Somatic cells, gametes
65
Q

Chromosomes are made when DNA wraps around:
1. Histones
2. Chromatids
3. Centromeres
4. Spindle Fibers

A
  1. Histones
66
Q

What RNA is produced from 3’ACCTACG5’?
1. 5’TGGATGC3’
2. 5’CGTAGGT3’
3. 5’UGGAUGA3’
4. 5’CGUAGGU3’

A
  1. 5’CGUAGGU3’
67
Q

What enzyme creates new DNA strand in DNA replication?
1. Helicase
2. RNA polymerase
3. DNA polymerase
4. tRNA

A
  1. DNA polymerase
68
Q

What enzyme creates the new RNA strand in transcription?
1. Helicase
2. RNA polymerase
3. DNA polymerase
4. tRNA

A
  1. RNA polymerase
69
Q

What process converts DNA to mRNA, and then into protein?
1. Transcription
2. Translation
3. Autosomal differentiation
4. Gene expression

A
  1. Gene expression
70
Q

One genetic disorder is caused by the addition of a nucleotide in the 15th nucleotide region of the NTFR gene. This is:
1. Deletion
2. Insertion
3. Frameshift
4. Substitution
5. Nondisjunction

A
  1. Insertion
  2. Frameshift
71
Q

What is the longest part of the cell cycle?
1. G1
2. Interphase
3. S phase
4. Mitosis
5. Metaphase

A
  1. Interphase
72
Q

Down syndrome is an example of a trisomy (specifically chromosome 21 has 3 instead of 2). How does this happen?
1. Substitution mutation
2. Frameshift mutation
3. Issue in crossing over in meiosis
4. Nondisjunction in meiosis

A
  1. Nondisjunction in meiosis
73
Q

What is the last phase of mitosis?
1. Anaphase
2. Metaphase
3. Telophase
4. Cytoplasmic division
5. Interphase

A
  1. Telophase
74
Q

What is an example of a dihybrid cross?
1. AaBb x AaBb
2. AAbb x AAbb
3. ABAB x ABAB
4. abab x abab

A
  1. AaBb x AaBb
75
Q

A gene that transforms a normal cell into a tumor cell as a result of inappropriate stimulation of M phase:
1. Suppressor
2. Oncogene
3. Autosomal gene
4. G1 gene

A
  1. Oncogene

BIO 189: Fundamentals of BIO (9 decks)

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