Final Study Guide Flashcards by Miranda Dawson

-centesis

Surgical puncture

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-clasis

To break; surgical fracture

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-desis

Binding/fixation of the bone or joint

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-ectomy

Excision; removal

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-lysis

Separation; distraction, loosening

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-tome

Instrument to cut

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-pexy

Fixation of an organ

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-plasty

Surgical repair

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-rrhaphy

Suture

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-stomy

Forming an opening (mouth)

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-tomy

Incision

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-itis

Inflammation

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-tripsy

Crushing

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-gram

Record, writing

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-graph

Instrument for recording

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-graphy

Process of recording

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-meter

Instrument for measuring

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-metry

To measure

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-scope

Instrument for examining

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-scopy

Visual examination

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-algia

Pain

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-cele

Hernia, swelling

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-dynia

Pain

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-ectasis

Dilation, expansion

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-edema

Swelling

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-emesis

Vomiting

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-emia

Blood condition

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-gen

Producing, forming, origin

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-genesis

Producing, forming, origin

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-ia

Condition

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-iasis

Abnormal condition produced by something specified

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-ia

Condition

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-iatry

Medicine; treatment

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-ician

Specialist

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-ism

Condition

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-ist

Medicine; treatment

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-lith

Stone; calculus

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-malacia

Softening

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-megaly

Enlargement

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-oma

Tumor

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-osis

Abnormal condition; increase (used with blood cells)

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-pathy

Disease

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-penia

Decrease, deficiency

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-phagia

Swallowing, eating

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-phasia

Speech

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-phobia

Fear

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-plasia

Formation, growth

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-plasm

Formation, growth

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-plegia

Paralysis

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-ptosis

Prolapse; downward displacement

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-rrhage

Bursting forth

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-rrhagia

Bursting forth

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-rrhea

Discharge, flow

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-rrhexis

Rupture

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-sclerosis

Hardening

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-spasm

Twitching

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-stenosis

Structure; narrowing

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-toxic

Poison

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-trophy

Development, nourishment

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-esis

Condition

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-y

Condition; process

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-icle

Small, minute

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-ole

Small, minute

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-ule

Small, minute

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-ac

Pertaining to

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-al

Pertaining to

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-ar

Pertaining to

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-ary

Pertaining to

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-eal

Pertaining to

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-ic

Pertaining to

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-ical

Pertaining to

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-ile

Pertaining to

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-ior

Pertaining to

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-ous

Pertaining to

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-tic

Pertaining to

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Epi-

Above, upon

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Hypo-

Under; below; deficient

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Infra-

Under, below

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Sub-

Under, below

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Inter-

Between

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Post-

After, behind

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Pre-

Before

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Pro-

Forward, for

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Retro-

Backward, behind

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Bi-

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Dipl-

Double

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Diplo-

Double

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Hemi-

1/2

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Dia-

Through, across

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Ecto-

Outside, outward

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Endo-

In, within

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Exo-

Outside, outward

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Extra-

Outside, outward

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Intra-

In, within

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Para-

Near, beside, beyond

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Peri-

Around

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Super-

Upper, above

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Supra-

Above; excessive; superior

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Trans-

Turning

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Ultra-

Excess, beyond

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A-

Without, not

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Hyper-

Excessive, above normal

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Macro-

Large

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Micro-

Small

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Mono-

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Multi-

Many, much

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Nulli-

None

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Poly-

Many, much

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Primi-

First

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Quardri-

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Tri-

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Uni-

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Ab-

From, away from

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Ad-

Toward

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Circum-

Around

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An-

Without, not

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Anti-

Against

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Brady-

Slow

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Contra-

Against

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Dys-

Bad, difficult, painful

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Eu-

Good, normal

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Hetero-

Different

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Homo-

Same

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Homeo-

Same

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Mal-

Bad

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Pan-

All

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Pseudo-

False

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Syn-

Together, joined, union

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Tachy-

Rapid

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Abduction

Moving away from the midsagittal plane

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Medial

Middle of the body

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Superior (Cephalad)

Toward head of the upper portion of the structure

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Proximal

Near to the center trunk of the body or point of attachment

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Anterior (ventral)

Front of the body

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Parietal

Outer wall of the body cavity

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Prone

Laying on the abdomen, face down

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Adduction

Moving toward the midsagittal plane

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Lateral

Side

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Inferior

Away from the head toward the tail or lower part of the structure

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Distal

Away from the center

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Posterior (dorsal)

Back of the body

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Visceral

Internal organs

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Supine

Lying horizontally on the back, face up

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Inversion

Turning inward or inside out

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Palmar

Palm of the hand

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Superficial

Toward the surface of the body (external)

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Eversion

Turning outward

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Plantar

Sole of the foot

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Deep

Away from the surface of the body (internal)

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Cyt/o

Cell

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Hist/o

Tissue

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Kary/o

Nucleus

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Nucle/o

Nucleus

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Anter/o

Interior, front

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Caud/o

Tail

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Cephal/o

Head

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Dist/o

Far, farthest

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Inferi/o

Lower, below

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Later/o

Side, to one side

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Medi/o

Middle

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Posteri/o

Back of the body, behind, posterior

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Proxim/o

Near, nearest

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Ventr/o

Belly, belly side

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Acr/o

Extremity

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Eti/o

Cause

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Abdomen/o

Abdomen

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Cervic/o

Neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

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Crani/o

Skull (cranium)

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Gastr/o

Stomach

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Ili/o

Ilium (later flaring portion of the hip bone)

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Inguin/o

Groin

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Lumb/o

Lower back, loins

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Pelv/i

Pelvis

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Pelv/o

Pelvis

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Spin/o

Spine

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Thorac/o

Chest

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Umbilic/o

Naval

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Xer/o

Dry

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Albin/o

White

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Chlor/o

Green

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Chrom/o

Color

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Idi/o

Unknown, peculiar

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Morph/o

Forum, shape, structure

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Path/o

Disease

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Radi/o

Radiation; x-ray; radius (long bone of the arm)

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Somat/o

Body

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Son/o

Sound

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Tom/o

To cut

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Viscer/o

Internal organs

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Cirrh/o

Yellow

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Cyan/o

Blue

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Erythr/o

Red

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Jaund/o

Yellow

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Leuk/o

White

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Melan/o

Black

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Poli/o

Gray; gray matter of the brain/spinal cord

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Xanth/o

Yellow

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Adip/o

Fat

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Cutane/o

Skin

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Derm/o

Skin

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Dermat/o

Skin

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Sweat

Hidr/o

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Dry, scaly

Ichthy/o

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Kerat/o

Horny tissue; hard; cornea

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Lip/o

Fat

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Melan/o

Black

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Myc/o

Fungus

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Xer/o

Dry

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-cyte

Cell

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-derma

Skin

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-logist

Specialist in the study of

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-logy

Study of

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-therapy

Treatment

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An-

Without, not

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Dia-

Through, across

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Epi-

Above, upon

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Homo-

Same

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Onych/o

Nail

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Pil/o

Hair

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Scler/o

Hardening; Scalera (white of the eye)

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Seb/o

Sebum, sebaceous

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Squam/o

Scale

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Xen/o

Foreign, strange

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Hyper-

Excessive, above normal

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Sub-

Under, below

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Steat/o

Fat

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Sudor/o

Sweat

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Trich/o

Hair

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Ungu/o

Nail

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Acromi/o

Acromion (projection of the scapula)

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Ankyl/o

Stiffness; crooked, bent

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Arthr/o

Joint

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Brachi/o

Arm

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Calcane/o

Calcaneum (heel bone)

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Carp/o

Carpus (wrist bone)

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Cephal/o

Head

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Cervic/o

Neck

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Chondr/o

Cartilage

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Clavicul/o

Clavicle (collarbone)

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Cost/o

Ribs

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Crani/o

Cranium (skull)

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Dactyl/o

Fingers; toes

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Metatars/o

Metatarsus (foot bones)

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Muscul/o

Muscle

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Myel/o

Bone marrow; spinal cord

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Orth/o

Straight

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Oste/o

Bone

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Patell/o

Patella (kneecap)

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Ped/i

Foot; child

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Ped/o

Foot; child

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Pelv/i

Pelvis

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Phalang/o

Phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)

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Pub/o

Pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

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Radi/o

Radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

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Rhabd/o

Rod-shaped (striated)

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Fasci/o

Band, facia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

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Femor/o

Femur (thigh bone)

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Fibr/o

Fiber, fibrous tissue

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Fibul/o

Fibula (smaller bone of the lower leg)

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Humer/o

Humerus (upper arm bone)

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Ili/o

Ilium (lateral flaring portion of the hip bone)

Ischi/o

Ischium (lower portion of the hip bone)

Kyph/o

Humpback

Lamin/o

Lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

leiomy/o

Smooth (visceral) muscle

Lord/o

Curve, sway back

Lumb/o

Loins (lower back)

Metacarp/o

Metacarpus (hand bone)

-porosis

Porous

-sarcoma

Malignant tumor of connective tissue

-scopy

Visual examination

Rhabdomy/o

Rod shaped (striated) muscle

Scoli/o

Crooked, bent

Spondyl/o

Vertebrae (back bone)

Stern/o

Sternum (breast bone)

Synov/o

Synovial membrane, synovial fluid

Ten/o

Tendon

Tendin/o

Tendon

Thorac/o

Chest

Tibi/o

Tibia (larger bone of the lower leg)

-blast

Cell

-clasia

To break; surgical fracture

-clast

To break; surgical fracture

-desis

Binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)

-malacia

Softening

-physis

Growth plate

-asthenia

Weakness, debility

Cerebr/o

Cerebrum

Crani/o

Skull

Dendr/o

Tree

Ton/o

Tension

-algesia

Pain

Ventricul/o

Ventricle (of the heart and brain)

Encephal/o

Brain

Gangli/o

Ganglion (knot or knot-like mass)

Gli/o

Glue; neuroglial tissue

Kinesi/o

Movement

Lept/o

Thin, slender

Lex/o

Word, phrase

Mening/o

Meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

Meningi/o

Meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

Myel/o

Bone marrow; spinal cord

Narc/o

Stupor; numbness; sleep

Neur/o

Nerve

Radicul/o

Nerve root

Sthen/o

Strength

Thalam/o

Thalamus

-algia

Pain

-asthenia

Weakness

-esthesia

Feeling

-kinesia

movement

-lepsy

Seizure

-paresis

Partial paralysis; weakness

-phasia

Speech

-plegia

Paralysis

-taxia

Order, coordination

Pachy-

Thick

Para-

Near, beside; beyond

Syn-

Union, together, joined

Uni-

Thec/o

Sheath (referring to the meninges)

Ambyl/o

Dull, dim

Aque/o

Water

Blephar/o

Eyelid

Choroid/o

Choroid (layer between the retina and the Sclera)

Optic/o

Eye, vision

Phac/o

Lens

Phot/o

Light

Presby/o

Old age

Conjunctiv/o

Conjunctiva(membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the sclera)

Core/o

Pupil

Corne/o

Cornea

Cycl/o

Silly everybody of the eye; circular; cycle

Dacry/o

Tear; lacrimal apparatus (sac, duct, gland)

Dipl/o

Double

Glauc/o

Gray

Goni/o

Angle

Irid/o

Iris

Kerat/o

Horny tissue; hard; cornea

Lacrim/o

Tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, gland)

Ocul/o

Eye

Ophthalm/o

Eye

Opt/o

Eye, vision

-opsia

Vision

-tropia

Turning

Exo-

Outside, outward

Pupill/o

Pupil

Retin/o

Retina

Scler/o

Hardening; Sclera (White of the eye)

Vitr/o

Vitreous body of the eye

Scot/o

Darkness

Audi/o

Hearing

Labyrinth/o

Labyrinth (inner ear)

Mastoid/o

Mastoid process

Myring/o

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Ot/o

Ear

Salping/o

Tubes (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

Staped/o

Stapes

Tympan/o

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

-acusia

Hearing

-cusis

Hearing

-opia

Vision

Hyper/o

Excessive, above normal

Dors

Back of the body

Trans-

Through, across

-ptysis

Spitting

Adren/o

Adrenal glands

Adrenal/o

Adrenal glands

Calc/o

Calcium

Crin/o

Secrete

Gluc/o

Sugar, sweetness

Glyc/o

Sugar, sweetness

Home/o

Same, alike

Kal/i

Potassium

Pancreat/o

Pancreas

Parathyroid/o

Parathyroid glands

Thym/o

Thymus gland

Thyr/o

Thyroid gland

Thyroid/o

Thyroid gland

Toxic/o

Poison

-crine

Secrete

-dipsia

Thirst

-gen

Forming, producing, origin

-toxic

Pertaining to poison

-uria

Urine

Eu-

Good

Endo-

In, within

Exo-

Outside, outward

Hyper-

Excessive, above normal

Hypo-

Under, below; deficient

Poly-

Many, much

Aden/o

Gland

Agglutin/o

Clumping, gluing

Bas/o

Base (pH)

Blast/o

Embryonic cell

Chrom/o

Color

Eosin/o

Red

Erythr/o

Red

Granul/o

Granule

Hem/o

Blood

Hemat/o

Blood

Immun/o

Immune, immunity, safe

Kary/o

Nucleus

Leuk/o

White

Lymph/o

Lymph

Lymphaden/o

Lymph gland (node)

Lymphangi/o

Lymph vessel

Morph/o

Form, shape, structure

Myel/o

Bone marrow; spinal cord

Neutr/o

Neutral; neither

Nucle/o

Nucleus

Phag/o

Swallowing, eating

Plas/o

Development, formation

Poikil/o

Varied, irregular

Reticul/o

Net, mesh

Ser/o

Serum

Sider/o

Iron

Splen/o

Spleen

Thromb/o

Blood clot

Thym/o

Thymus gland

Xen/o

Strange, foreign

-blast

Embryonic cell

-crine

Secrete

-emia

Blood condition

-globin

Protein

-graft

Transplantation; Graft of tissue taken from a donor and given to a recipient

-osis

Abnormal condition; increase (used with blood cells)

-penia

Decrease, deficiency

-phil

Attraction for

-phylaxis

Protection

-poiesis

Formation, production

-stasis

Standing still

A-

Without, not

Allo-

Other

Aniso-

Unequal, dissimilar

Iso-

Equal

Macro-

Large

Micro-

Small

Mono-

One

Poly-

Many, much

-Phoresis

Transmission

Ante-

Before

Natr/o

Sodium

Aort/o

Aorta

Arter/i

Artery

Arteriol/o

Arteriole

Ather/o

Fatty plaque

Atri/o

Atrium

Cardi/o

Heart

Coron/o

Heart

Electr/o

Electricity

Embol/o

Embolus (plug)

Hemangi/o

Blood vessel

Lumin/o

Lumen (Channel within a tube)

My/o

Muscle

Phleb/o

Vein

Scler/o

Hardening; Scalera (white of the eye)

Sept/o

Septum

Sphygm/o

Pulse

Sten/o

Narrowing, stricture

Thromb/o

Blood clot

Valv/o

Valve

Valvul/o

Valve

Vas/o

Vessel; vas deferens; duct

Ven/o

Vein

Ventricul/o

Ventricle

-cardia

Heart condition

-gram

Record, writing

-graph

Instrument for recording

-graphy

Process of recording

-plasty

Surgical repair

-sclerosis

Hardening

Brady-

Slow

Endo-

In, within

Extra-

Outside, outward

Peri-

Around

Tachy-

Rapid

Trans-

Across

Leukapheresis

Removing white blood cells

Adenoid/o

Adenoids

Alveol/o

Alveolus; air sac

Atel/o

Incomplete; imperfect

Bronch/o

Bronchus (plural, bronchi)

Bronchi/o

Bronchus (plural, bronchi)

Bronchiol/o

Bronchiole

Coni/o

Dust

Cyan/o

Blue

Diaphragm/o

Diaphragm

Diaphragmat/o

Diaphragm

Epiglott/o

Epiglottis

Laryng/o

Larynx (voice box)

Lob/o

Lobe

Muc/o

Mucus

Nas/o

Nose

Orth/o

Straight

Ox/o

Oxygen

Ox/i

Oxygen

Pector/o

Chest

Pharyng/o

Pharynx (throat)

Phren/o

Diaphragm; mind

Pleur/o

Pleura

Pneum/o

Air; lung

Pulmon/o

Lung

Pneumon/o

Air; lung

Rhin/o

Nose

Sept/o

Septum

Steth/o

Chest

Sinus/o

Sinus, cavity

Spir/o

Breathe

Thorac/o

Chest

Tonsill/o

Tonsils

Trache/o

Trachea (Wind pipe)

-capnia

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

-osmia

Smell

-phonia

Voice

-pnea

Breathing

-ptysis

Spitting

-thorax

Chest

Brady-

Slow

Dys-

Bad, difficult, painful

Eu-

Good, normal

Tachy-

Rapid

Gingiv/o

Gums

Gloss/o

Tongue

An/o

Anus

Append/o

Appendix

Appendic/o

Appendix

Bucc/o

Cheek

Cheil/o

Lip

Chol/e

Bile, gall

Cholecyst/o

Gallbladder

Choledoch/o

Bile duct

Col/o

Colon

Colon/o

Colon

Dent/o

Teeth

Duoden/o

Duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

Odont/o

Teeth

Enter/o

Intestine (usually the small intestine)

Esophag/o

Esophagus

Gastr/o

Stomach

Gloss/o

Tongue

Gingiv/o

Gum

Hepat/o

Liver

Ile/o

Ileum (third part of the small intestine)

Jejun/o

Jejunum (Second part of the small intestine)

Labi/o

Lip

Lingu/o

Tongue

Odont/o

Teeth

Or/o

Mouth

Pancreat/o

Pancreas

Pharyng/o

Pharynx (throat)

Proct/o

Anus, rectum

Pylor/o

Pylorus

Rect/o

Rectum

Sial/o

Saliva, salivary gland

Sigmoid/o

Sigmoid colon

Stomat/o

Mouth

-emesis

Vomit

-iasis

Abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

-megaly

Enlargement

-orexia

Appetite

-pepsia

Digestion

-phagia

Swallowing, eating

-prandial

Meal

Albumin/o

Albumin, protein

Azot/o

Nitrogenous compounds

Bacteri/o

Bacteria (singular, bacterium)

Cyst/o

Bladder

Glomerul/o

Glomerulus

Kal/i

Potassium (an electrolyte)

Keton/o

Ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

Lith/o

Stone, calculus

Meat/o

Opening, meatus

Nephr/o

Kidney

Noct/o

Night

Ureter/o

Ureter

Urethr/o

Urethra

Ur/o

Urine, urinary tract

Vesic/o

Bladder

-genesis

Forming, producing, origin

-iasis

Abnormal condition (produced by somethings specified)

-uria

Urine

Dia-

Through, across

Retro-

Backward, behind

Olig/o

Scanty

Py/o

Pus

Pyle/o

Renal pelvis

Ren/o

Kidney

Andr/o

Male

Balan/o

Glans penis

Crypt/o

Hidden

Epididym/o

Epididymis

Genito/o

Genitalia

Gonad/o

Gonads, sex glands

Olig/o

Scanty

Orch/o

Testis (plural, testes)

Orchi/o

Testis (plural, testes)

Orchid/o

Testis (plural, testes)

Perine/o

Perineum (area between scrotum [or vulva in the female] and anus)

-genesis

Forming, producing, origin

-ism

Condition

-spadius

Slit, Fissure

-cide

Killing

Vesicul/o

Seminal vesicle

Prostat/o

Prostate gland

Spermat/o

Spermatozoa, sperm cells

Sperm/o

Spermatozoa, sperm cells

Test/o

Testis (plural, testes)

Varic/o

Dilated vein

Vas/o

Vessel; Vas deferens; duct

Amni/o

Amnion (amniotic sac)

Cervic/o

Neck; cervix uterine (neck of the uterus)

Colp/o

Vagina

Galact/o

Milk

Gynec/o

Woman, female

Hyster/o

Uterus (womb)

Lact/o

Milk

Mamm/o

Breast

Mast/o

Breast

Men/o

Menses, menstruation

Metri/o

Uterus (womb)

Metr/o

Uterus (womb); measure

Nat/o

Birth

Oophor/o

Ovary

Ovari/o

Ovary

Perine/o

Perineum (Area between the scrotum [or vulva in the female] and anus

-cyesis

Pregnancy

-gravida

Pregnant woman

-para

To bear offspring

-salpinx

Tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

-tocia

Childbirth, labor

-version

Turning

Ante-

Before, in front of

Dys-

Bad; painful; difficult

Endo-

In, within

Multi-

Many, much

Post-

After

Primi-

First

-arche

Beginning

Uter/o

Uterus (womb)

Salping/o

Tube (usually fallopian or you station [auditory] tubes)

Vagin/o

Vagina

Scrot/o

Sack that holds the testicles outside of the body

Gustat/o

The sense of taste

Metastasis

Moving to other parts of the body

The midsagittal plane (medial plane) divides the body into:

Right and left

The Frontal plane (coronal plane) divides the body into:

Anterior and posterior

The transverse plane (axial plane) divides the body into:

Top and bottom

Lapar/o

Abdomen

Bili/o

Gall; bile

A combining vowel enables two word elements to be connected

True

Carcin/o

Cancer

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