final study guide Flashcards
(116 cards)
Definition of biocultural environmental approach
interrelationship/interaction between human biology (genetics),
culture, and natural environment
e.g. Agricultural Revolution—approx. 12,000 yrs.
interactions between genetics, culture, and natural environment
Scientific Method
Question, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Analysis, Conclusion, and Communication.
define biocultural/environmental interaction
Recognize the pervasiveness and dynamism of interactions between biological and cultural phenomena
EX. sickle cell anemia
Physical Anthropology
The branch of anthropology concerned with the study of human biological and physiological characteristics and their development.
EX> study of the human body
Catastrophism (Cuvier)
Belief in sudden event that wiped out all prehistoric animals
Carolus Linnaeus
Father of taxonomy- classifying animals according to morphological similarities & differences.
Thomas Malthus
-believed in struggle for survival
-population increases faster than food supply
-helped Darwin develop his theory of natural selection
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
environment is important to adaptation, evolving into complexity
-spontaneous generation
-supported evolution by law of inheritance of acquired characteristics
Uniformitarianism (Lyell)
Natural forces that occur in the past are still occurring today
DNA(Watson, Crick, Franklin)
They discovered the structure of nuclear DNA (nDMNA) discovery (20th century)
1962 Nobel Prize- James Watson, Francis Crick & Maurice Wilkins
they realized that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that encode the genetic information for all living things.
Darwin & Natural Selection; Wallace
if an animal has some trait that helps it to withstand the elements or to breed more successfully, it may leave more offspring behind than others.
Reproductive Fitness
The reproductive fitness reflects the potential of an individual to pass on its genes to the subsequent generations.
Mendelian genetics
explains the underlying mechanism
of how simple traits (at a single locus) are inherited
Mendel
discovered the basic principles of heredity and laid the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics. (genes do not blend)
Recessive
Recessive is a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous. (both parents have the same trait but is recessive.
Dominance
Trait is always expressed
Homozygotes Dominant
a genotype where an individual inherits two copies of a dominant gene.
Alleles
Alternate forms of a gene
Mendelian Laws
the Law of Dominance and Uniformity, the Law of Segregation, and the Law of Independent Assortment
Law of segregation
every trait has two discrete particles one
inherited from the mother and one from the father
law of independent assortment
the inheritance of one trait does not affect the
inheritance of other traits
DNA discovery
Adenine and Guanine
are purines
*Thymine and Cytosine
are pyrimidines
Adenine always pairs with thymine
cytosine pairs with guanine
Heterozygotes Dominant
the dominant allele overrules the recessive one.
Homozygous Recessive
homozygous recessive, if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele.