Ch.5 The Living Primates

Question 1

Know the characteristics of Old world monkeys, new world monkeys, and apes

Answer 1

morphological taxonomy uses morphology and phenotypic characteristics to distinguish between one species and another.

Question 2

What is the honing complex?

Answer 2

the arrangement of the upper canine and lower third premolar that allows the back edge of the upper canine to be sharpened or honed against the front edge of the lower premolar.

Question 3

What is the most common type of social group found in primate societies?

Answer 3

multimale-multifemale group.

Question 4

What is the structure of a polygynous primate social group?

Answer 4

each male mates with multiple females

Question 5

Define dominance hierarchy

Answer 5

The dominance hierarchy is a clearly discernible ranking order of group individuals, determined by the outcomes of aggressive and submissive (together, agonistic) social interactions that create asymmetrical dominance relationships between individuals.

Question 6

Understand parental investment

Answer 6

any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases that offspring’s chance of surviving (and hence reproductive success) at the cost of the parent’s ability to invest in other offspring

Question 7

Know the prosimians and their characteristics. How do they communicate?

Answer 7

Prosimians are NWM and they use vocalizations to communicate in many different social contexts. smaller brains, longer snouts, and a more developed sense of smell.

Question 8

Anthropoids consist of____________? Where do they live (geographically)?

Answer 8

monkeys, apes, and humans.
China and Southeast Asia,

Question 9

Monkeys are found in the two geographical regions generally known as

Answer 9

tropical rainforests of Africa, Central America

Question 10

Know the dental formula of Old World (OWM) and New World monkeys (NWM)

Answer 10

NWM: 2-1-3-3
OWM and Apes:2-1-2-3

Question 11

What is a prehensile tail? Which monkeys, i.e. OWM or NWM, have this trait?

Answer 11

A prehensile tail is the tail of an animal that has adapted to grasp or hold objects.-new world monkeys.

Question 12

Define arboreal

Answer 12

inhabiting trees.

Question 13

Define terrestrial

Answer 13

Living on the earth
land animal

Question 14

Are Howler monkeys—NWM or OWM?

Answer 14

one of the largest New World monkeys

Question 15

Howler and Colobus monkeys have a special adapation. What is it and what is the purpose of this
adaptation?

Answer 15

they have specialized stomachs and digestive systems that allow them to process leaves.

Question 16

Which group of primates is closer (genetically) to humans: Prosimians, NWM, OWM, or Apes?

Answer 16

Apes

Question 17

Which primate species is closer (genetically) to humans: lemurs, howler monkeys, baboons,
orangutans, gorillas, or chimpanzees?

Answer 17

Chimpanzees

Question 18

Are baboons—NWM or OWM

Answer 18

Old world

Question 19

Hominoidea consists of

Answer 19

Hominoidea is one of the six major groups in the order Primates. gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, gibbons, bonobos, and humans.

Question 20

Geographically, where does one find apes?

Answer 20

Africa and Asia

Question 21

The “Y-5” molar pattern is found in living

Answer 21

the lower molar teeth of apes and humans

Question 22

Generally, which primate group has longer arms than legs?

Answer 22

Apes

Question 23

Which primate species has the longest arms?

Answer 23

Gibbons

Question 24

The African apes consist of

Answer 24

bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans.

Question 25

The Asian apes consist of

Answer 25

gibbons, humans, and orangutans.

Question 26

Define sexual dimorphism. Be able to name two ape species where sexual dimorphism is most
noticeable? What does it suggests about social organization (mate selection)?

Answer 26

distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.

Gorillas and Orangutans (males have bigger bodies than females)

exhibited in primates may correspond to the intensity of competition between members of the same sex for access to mates–intrasexual competition, counteracted by fecundity selection on the other sex.

Question 27

In bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee) society__________tend to be the most dominant.

Answer 27

females

Question 28

Give an example of a primitive mammalian trait retained by primates

Answer 28

body hair was used as an example for a primitive trait among primates.

Question 29

Primate taxonomy