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Anthropology > all exams questions > Flashcards

all exams questions Flashcards

1
Q

the catastrophism hypothesis is attributed to

A

Georges Cuvier

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2
Q

Lamarck proposed an erroneous evolutionary mechanism known today as

A

inheritance of acquired characteristics

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3
Q

the idea that past phenomenon should be explained by natural processes now in operation is one of the principles of

A

Uniformitarianism

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4
Q

what did the 19th British demographer/economist say about population and food supply

A

populations increase faster than food supply

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5
Q

the current official, geological time period is the

A

Holocene

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6
Q

the British scientist who independently co-discovered the theory of natural selection was

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

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7
Q

James Hutton is associated with

A

Earth as a “Decaying and self-renewing machine”

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8
Q

Buffon believed in “deep time” T or F

A

True

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9
Q

The god hypothesis is not a scientific hypothesis because

A

It cannot be tested nor rejected

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10
Q

natural selection works on preexisting variation in populations T or F

A

True

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11
Q

Charles Darwin knew, very well, the mechanism of inheritance T or F

A

False

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12
Q

Zoonoses are diseases which initially came from

A

Animals

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13
Q

In science, theories can be considered “hunches” or best guesses T or F

A

False

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14
Q

the Anthropocene can be summarized as the age of mammals T or F

A

False

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15
Q

A theory of evolution could not be formulated in the middle ages because of the worldview(s)

A

fixity of species, great chain of being, earth was the center of the universe

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16
Q

today, the _______ islands are famous because of Charles Darwin’s field studies in the 19th century

A

Galapagos

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17
Q

fossils buried in the deeper layers of rock are older than fossils in shallower layers. this feature is called

A

Law of superposition

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18
Q

the basis for Charles Darwin’s gradualism was the work of

A

Charles Lyell

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19
Q

on the island (during the voyage), Charles Darwin noticed that the finches’ beaks were variable in size and shape due to

A

adaptation to different diets

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20
Q

in natural selection, the population is selected and the individual evolves T or F

A

False

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21
Q

natural selection involves

A

the inheritance of acquired characteristics, spontaneous generation, fixity of species and it is none of the above

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22
Q

in natural selection, individuals with adaptive traits for a specific environment survive, reproduce, and “pass” their adaptive traits to their offspring T or F

A

True

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23
Q

natural selection occurs when individuals have too many offspring. there is

A

not enough food, not enough living space, a struggle for existence.

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24
Q

Charles Darwin published a book in 1859. the title of this book is

A

on the origin of species

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25
Q

before the agricultural revolution

A

the hunter-gatherer immune system would not have promoted survival of individuals in modern epidemics and pandemics

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26
Q

the scientist who coined the name Homo Sapiens for human beings and placed them in taxonomy group called primates was

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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27
Q

what was the belief before Darwinian evolution

A

Creationism

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28
Q

natural selection was proposed by Thomas Malthus T or F

A

False

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29
Q

Charles Darwin did not know the mechanism of inheritance T or F

A

True

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30
Q

Archbishop James Ussher calculated a creation date of

A

4004 years

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31
Q

John Ray studied stratigraphy and proposed the “law of superposition” T or F

A

False

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32
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Was a British naturalist in the 1800s

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33
Q

the first person who tried to explain how evolution worked was

A

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

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34
Q

which naturalist was the most influential on Darwin’s thinking?

A

Charles Lyell

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35
Q

Georges Cuvier is associated with the idea of

A

uniformitarianism, principles of heredity, use and disuse and it is none of the above

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36
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

developed a classification system for animals

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37
Q

James Hutton and Charles Lyell are associated with

A

the ancient earth hypothesis & uniformitarianism

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38
Q

in evolutionary studies ‘fitness’ is

A

reproductive fitness- the number of off-spring that survive and reach adulthood

39
Q

habitual bipedalism is the only evolutionary change leading to humanness T or F

A

False

40
Q

a proposed epoch that begins when human activities had significant impact on earth’s living and non-living resources called

A

holocene
athropology
miocene
and it is none of the above

41
Q

the hunter-gatherer physiology was designed to get as much salts, sugars, and fat as possible T or F

A

True

42
Q

the agricultural revolution led to

A

population growth
sedentism
infectious & non-infectious diseases

43
Q

Biocultural environmental approach

A

is defined as interrelationship between human biology and the cultural/natural environment
means when we change the environment it impacts our biology
is the framework used in biological anthropology

43
Q

who originated the idea of intelligent design

A

William Paley

44
Q

global colling led to the agricultural revolution T or F

A

False

45
Q

humans had a choice in shifting from hunting & gathering to agriculture around 14,000-12,000 years ago T or F

A

False

46
Q

Microorganisms (infectious diseases) have shaped our immune system T or F

A

True

47
Q

are there any other features (including bipedalism) that make us humans and if so list them

A

language and speech, and our big brains and the ability to save our complex tools

48
Q

we humans have ____ heads and ____ faces

A

bigger
small

49
Q

chimpanzees have _____ heads and _____ faces

A

small
bigger

50
Q

Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (nDNA)

A

codes for all biological characteristics and functions

51
Q

in 1962____ was/were awarded the nobel prize for his/her 1953 discovery proposing that the structure of the nuclear DNA molecule was _____

A

Watson, Crick & Wilkins: a double helix

52
Q

in homo sapiens there are 23 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes T or F

A

False

53
Q

_____ DNA is heteroplasmic, meaning that ( in homo sapiens) it can differ from one body part to another

A

Mitochondrial

54
Q

in nuclear DNA(nDNA), the base adenine pairs with the base

A

thymine

55
Q

the CCR5 gene codes for a receptor protein on the

A

T helper Cell

56
Q

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes

A

a larger population

57
Q

an alternative (variant) of gene is called

A

an allele

58
Q

how many chromosomes are found in the human (unfertilized) egg cell?

A

23

59
Q

you visit a random mating population and find that the observed genotype frequencies are NOT what would be expected under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What does this suggest?

A

evolution has occurred

60
Q

translation

A

results in the production of amino acid chains and proteins

61
Q

in the f2 generation of Mendel’s pea plant cross fertilization, the phenotypical ratio was

A

3:1

62
Q

messenger RNA (mRNA) differs from nuclear DNA (nDNA) in that it uses?

A

uracil instead of thymine

63
Q

at the end of meiosis I variation is created T or F

A

True

64
Q

an individual whose blood type is B can only have the BB genotype T or F

A

True

65
Q

Gametes are sex alleles T or F

A

True

66
Q

the ABO system is Mendelian or simple inheritance T or F

A

True

67
Q

Mitochondrial DNA is identical in every cell

A

False

68
Q

Microevolution is large-scale evolution; evolution in thousands of species T or F

A

False

69
Q

CCR5triangle32 mutation initially emerged as selection for bubonic plague

A

False

70
Q

the word “genes” was first used by Mendel

A

False

71
Q

the physical expression of an organism’s genetic constitution is called the

A

phenotype

72
Q

somatic cells include all of the following except

A

sex cells because somatic cells are body cells

73
Q

the physical location of a gene on a chromosome is called

A

Locus

74
Q

which one is not a mendelian disease

A

retinitis

sickle cell anemia-mendelian
cystic fibrosis-mendelian
tay sachs disease -mendelian

75
Q

what is the primary purpose of a punnet square

A

to show possible genotypes in the next generation

76
Q

what does mendel’s law of segregation state?

A

in every trait there are two discrete particles: one inherited from the mother and one inherited from the father

77
Q

how many chromosomes are in the human somatic cell?

A

23 pairs

78
Q

the field of genetics concerned with the laws of inheritance known as ___?

A

mendelian genetics

79
Q

recessive traits in individuals are expressed when two copies of the gene coding for the trait is inherited (by the offspring)? T or F

A

True

80
Q

in the F2 generation of Mendel’s pea plant cross fertilization , the genotypical ratio was

A

1:2:1

81
Q

the native Americans in south America are 100% O blood type. this blood type may be an adaptation to a disease environment of

A

syphilis

82
Q

in the rhesus blood group, mother-fetal incompatibility will occur if mother is rh-positive and father is rh-negative T or F

A

false

83
Q

a population is a group of interbreeding individuals that exist in time and space T or F

A

True

84
Q

heritability

A

is the proportion of the total variation that is genetic

85
Q

the distribution of blood types in different geographical regions may be related to natural selection and disease in population history T or F

A

true

86
Q

Trisomy 21 is an individua; with 47 chromosomes T or F

A

True

87
Q

after breastfeeding period in cultures with no tradition in milk-drinking, the lactase gene is ‘turned off’ so that they would be lactose intolerant if they consume diary. T or F

A

True

88
Q

despite the fact that humans and chimpanzees share 98% genetic similarity, they are very different in terms of facial structure, brain size, locomotion, and behavior. the reason for this is

A

gene expression

89
Q

mutation is the only source of

A

natural selection
inheritance
new variation
and it is none of the above

90
Q

another name for evolutionary force called gene flow is

A

admixture/migration

91
Q
A
92
Q
A

Anthropology (5 decks)

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