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science 7A > Final study guide > Flashcards

Final study guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what tool is used to measure length

A

ruler

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2
Q

what tool is used to measure mass

A

triple beam balance

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3
Q

what tool is used to measure volume

A

graduated cylinder

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4
Q

what units are used to measure length

A

meter

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5
Q

what units are used to measure mass

A

liter

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6
Q

what units are used to measure volume

A

gram

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7
Q

what tool is used to measure temperature

A

thermometer

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8
Q

bottom of a microscope

A

base

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9
Q

where you look in a microscope

A

eye peice

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10
Q

what is used to adjust the zoom in on a microscope

A

objective lenses

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11
Q

what is used to adjust the focus of the microscope

A

fine/coarse nobs

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12
Q

where is the object being observed placed on a microscope

A

stage

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13
Q

where do you hold a microscope

A

arm/base

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14
Q

how do you calculate total magnifcation

A

eye piece x objective = total magnification

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15
Q

1st step of the scientific method

A

state the problem

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16
Q

2nd step of the scientific method

A

form hypothesis

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17
Q

3rd step of the scientific method

A

test hypothesis

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18
Q

4th step of the scientific method

A

analyze data

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19
Q

last step of the scientific method

A

draw conclusion

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20
Q

biology

A

study of life

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21
Q

botany

A

study of plants

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22
Q

zoology

A

study of animals

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23
Q

nutrition

A

process of obtaining nessisary materials to survive

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24
Q

ingestion

A

process of taking in

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25
Q

excretion

A

process of removing waste

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26
Q

digestion

A

process of breaking down food for energy, fat, etc

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27
Q

circulation

A

moving materials throughout the body

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28
Q

irritability

A

the ability to detect the environment and respond

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29
Q

locomotion

A

movement of place to place

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30
Q

synthesis

A

to make/build

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31
Q

example of stimulus and response

A

touching a hot plate and pulling away

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32
Q

reproduction

A

the ability to produce offspring

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33
Q

metabolism

A

all chemical activities

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34
Q

homeostasis

A

balance, keeping everything in order/the same

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35
Q

what is a cell

A

basic unit of life, building blocks to all living things

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36
Q

what does the nucleus do

A

directs all activities, contains DNA, nucleolus, boss

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37
Q

cell membrane

A

allows certain materials in and out of the cell

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38
Q

cytoplasm

A

cell liquid, protects cell

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39
Q

chloroplast

A

light changed into chemical energy (photosynthesis)

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40
Q

mitochondrion

A

sugars broken down by oxygen, energy is released

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41
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

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42
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

(conveyor belt) transports materials inside the cell

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43
Q

golgi bodies

A

stacks of membrane covered sacs that package and move proteins out of the cell

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44
Q

what are the top 4 elements found in living things

A

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen

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45
Q

what are the 4 organic compounds

A

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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46
Q

carbs

A

primary source of energy

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47
Q

lipids

A

store large amounts of energy (long term storage)

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48
Q

proteins

A

make up the structures of the body

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49
Q

nucleic acids

A

store info (genetic code) double helix model

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50
Q

what pairs with ATCGGT

A

TAGCCA

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51
Q

what osmosis

A

water molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration

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52
Q

diffusion

A

molecules moving from a high to low concentration of molecules

53
Q

what does chon stand for

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

54
Q

what is the equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H2O–>C6H12O6+6O2

55
Q

whats the equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6+6O2–>6O2+H20

56
Q

what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A

aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose while anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen to break down glucose

57
Q

what is mitosis

A

cell divison

58
Q

what is the first phase of mitosis

A

interphase

59
Q

what is the second phase of mitosis

A

prophase

60
Q

what is the third phase of mitosis

A

metaphase

61
Q

what is the fourth phase of mitosis

A

anaphase

62
Q

what is the fifth phase of mitosis

A

telophase

63
Q

what is the sixth phase of mitosis

A

cytokenisis

64
Q

what is the watson and crick model

A

double helix DNA model

65
Q

what type of cell undergoes mitosis

A

body cells

66
Q

how many chromosomes are found in the cells produced in mitosis

A

46 chromosomes

67
Q

what is cancer

A

a disease where cells cannot undergo mitosis

68
Q

what is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction

A

sexual is with two parents and asexual is with one parent

69
Q

what is fertilization

A

the process of which the egg and sperm fuse together

70
Q

what are the two sex cells

A

sperm and egg

71
Q

where are the sperm and egg produced

A

testes and ovaries

72
Q

what is a zygote

A

fertilized egg cell

73
Q

define haploid

A

single complete set of chromosomes

74
Q

define diploid

A

two complete sets of chromosomes

75
Q

what is a genes job

A

determines traits and has instructions for traits

76
Q

heterozygous/hybrid

A

carries two different alleles (Bb)

77
Q

Homozygous/purebred

A

carries two of the sames alleles (BB)

78
Q

genotype

A

types of genes and orgainism has

79
Q

phenotype

A

physical trait result from a genotype

80
Q

who is the father of genetics

A

gregor mendel

81
Q

what is a punnet square

A

examines genes that get passed down one at a time

82
Q

what is a pedigree

A

a chart that shows traits within a family

83
Q

where did charles darwin travel

A

galapagos islands

84
Q

why was charles darwins trip so important

A

he discovered natural selection

85
Q

what is the theory of natural selection

A

organisms that have the specialized traits will survive, pass down their traits, and while the the other traits in other organisms die off

86
Q

what is an example of natural selection (peppered moths)

A

if a peppered moth lives in a light bark environment, the dark moths will die off and the light moths will thrive

87
Q

what couldnt darwin explain

A

mutations/varitions (ransom changes in DNA)

88
Q

what are vestigal structures

A

structures that are passed down from ancestors that were more important to our ancestors than us, useless to us

89
Q

how do we determine the age of a fossil found in a sedimentary rock

A

the lower the fossil, the older the age

90
Q

what does the skeletal system do

A

gives support and structure to the body, muscles attach, providing movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores calcium and phosphorus

91
Q

what does the digestive system do

A

food is broken down into molecules small enough for cells to use it

92
Q

what does the circulatory system do

A

blood and oxygen are spread through the body , uses veins and arteries

93
Q

what does the respiratory system do

A

brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide

94
Q

what does the excretory system do

A

removes wastes from body including water, carbon dioxide. salts, and urea

95
Q

what does the nervous system do

A

CNS- all of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord, PNS- all of the neurons outside the CNS, transports messages throughout the body

96
Q

what does the reproductive system do

A

generates offspring

97
Q

how do the skeletal and circulatory system work together

A

the skeletal system protects anything internal including the circulatory system ad produces new RBC’s to be transported through the body

98
Q

what is the orgainization of the human body, cells to systems

A

cells, tissue, organs, organ system, organism

99
Q

where is blood produced

A

bone marrow

100
Q

what is a hematocrit

A

a blood test that measures the amount of RBC’s in your blood

101
Q

what is the job of the small intestine

A

food is absorbed through the small finger (villi) nutrients is moved from the villi to the bloodstream, pancrease and live release enzymes that enter the small intestine, most digestion occurs here

102
Q

what is the job of lungs

A

remove water and carbon dioxide when we exhale (alveolli)

103
Q

what is the job of kidneys

A

filter water, salts, and urea from blood, fusion with circulatory

104
Q

what are gametes

A

reproductive cells of a plant/animal

105
Q

what are the females chromosomes

A

xx

106
Q

what are the males chromosomes

A

xy

107
Q

cerebrum

A

sensory info, motor control, associative functions

108
Q

cerebellum

A

controls balance and coordination

109
Q

medulla oblongota/brain stem

A

controls breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

110
Q

spinal cord

A

relay station between brain and body

111
Q

what does the CNS contain

A

brain+spinal cord

112
Q

what does the PNS contain

A

everything else

113
Q

what does a food chain show

A

the flow of energy between several organisms

114
Q

how are orgainisms within a food web dependant on one another

A

organisms gain energy by feeding off of other organisms in the ecosystem

115
Q

how does the energy pyramid represent biomass and energy

A

shows the available energy at different trophic levels, energy is stored as part of an organisms body

116
Q

define taxonomy

A

a method used to identify organisms

117
Q
A
118
Q

what is the 1st level of the modern classifiaction system

A

kingdom

119
Q

what is the 2nd level of the modern classification system

A

phylum

120
Q

what is the 3rd level of the modern classififcation system

A

class

121
Q

what is the 4th level of the modern classification system

A

order

122
Q

what is the 5th level of the modern classification system

A

family

123
Q

what is the 6th level of the modern classification system

A

genus

124
Q

what is the 7th level of the moodern classification system

A

species

125
Q

what are the kingdoms

A

animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, eubacteria, archbacteria

126
Q

what is binomialnomenclature

A

2 name naming system, 1st name: genus, 2nd name: species

127
Q

how do you use a dichotomous key

A

pick a side for each question based on the characteristics of the item

128
Q

at is a dichotomous key

A

organizer used to identify organisms by traits

science 7A (9 decks)

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