chap 7 test skeletal and circulatory systems Flashcards
pulmonary circulation
the circulation of heart to lungs, gets O2 and delivers CO2 to lungs
lungs
alveoli, can remove water and carbon dioxide when we exhale
systemic circulation
the circulation of heart to body, goes through digestive system, gets CO2 and delivers O2 to the body
small intestine
most digestion occurs here, liver and pancreas release chemicals
coronary circulation
the circulation of heart to heart, goes through the veins of the heart, helps create energy
artery
carry blood away from the heart (highway)
kidneys
filters water, salts and urea from the blood, urea is temporarily stored in the urinary bladder and released through the body
vein
carry blood toward the body
capillary
smallest blood vessels
red blood cell (RBC)
carry oxygen, made of the protein hemoglobin which has an affinity to oxygen (composed by iron)
white blood cell (WBC)
leukocytes, fight off bacteria and other foreign substances
platelet
cell fragments that aid in blood clotting
plasma
liquid portion of blood, yellow straw color, carries dissolved materials, contains antibodies
hemoglobin
in RBC’s that transports oxygen
iron deficiency anemia
RBC’s are low in number, WBC’s and platelets are even lower, and case has poor nutrition and tired
polycythemia
RBC count is very high, case has frequent nose bleeds, red complexion, and high blood pressure
trombocytopenia
platelets are low in number, case has many bruises and blood does not easily clot after a cut
leukemia
RBC’s low in number, WBC’s high in number, case has fever, sore throat, and nose bleeds
atrium
upper chambers of the heart
ventricle
lower chambers of the heart
bicuspid
2 flaps left side of the heart
tricuspid
3 flaps right side of the heart
pulmonary valves
lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, has three cusps and transports blood
aortic valves
semilunar valves
semilunar valves
valves after ventricles
antigen
proteins found on the surface of cell membrane
antibody
proteins in plasma of blood (immune response, recognizes antigens, hugs on, WBC’s engulf foreign substance/antigens)
cell
contains a nucleus, what all living things are made up of
tissue
groups of cells that are formed together
organ
layers of tissue that are formed together
organ system
when specialized organs work together, they keep the body at a stable state
orgainism
entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes
aerobic respiration
the process of breaking down glucose with oxygen to release energy
diffusion
when a molecule moves through a semipermeable membrane to maintain homeostasis
bone
a living tissue that makes up the body’s skeleton
bone marrow
produces blood cells
periosteum
outer layer around the bone
compact bone
dense, strong bone tissue
spongy bone
less dense bone tissue
ligament
attach bones to bones
tendon
attach muscles to bones
cartilage
make up ears, nose, connects sternum and rib cage
villi
food is absorbed here, in/near the small intestine, nutrients moved directly from here to the blood stream
