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Biochemistry II > Final - Structures > Flashcards

Final - Structures Flashcards

1
Q
A

leu

neutral, nonpolar

  • one of the 3 brainched chain AAs
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2
Q
A

beta-hydroxy-butyrate

(OH on the beta carbon)

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3
Q
A

glucose-1-phosphate

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4
Q
A

6-phosphogluconate

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5
Q

Know how to identify nucleotide AND deoxynucleotide mono, di and triphosphates…

A

basically just see if the ribose is 2-deoxy or not … then check what base it is… then see how many Ps

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6
Q
A

Propionic Acid

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7
Q
A

taurocholic acid

(dont confuse with… cholesterol OR cholic acid OR glycocholic acid…. there’s an S in there, ya big dummy)

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8
Q
A

serotonin

(decarboxylated and hydroxylated Trp)

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9
Q
A

glucuronic acid

(NOT glucose! because it has a -COOH instead of -CH2OH)

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10
Q
A

alanine

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11
Q
A

his

basic, polar

aromatic

  • side chain is imidazole attached to one CH2 via the C furthest from the lone N
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12
Q
A

Creatine

(made from Gly and Arg … into guanidinoacetate … then methylated on that middle N)

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13
Q
A

phosphoenolpyruvate PEP

note the C=C in the 3C chain

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14
Q
A

guanine

(purine with amino and oxo grp)

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15
Q
A

uracil

(pyrimidine with 2 oxo grps)

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16
Q
A

Cortisol

21C, O= bc produced from progesterone and lots of -OH groups

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17
Q
A

thymine

(pyrimidine with 2 oxo and 1 methyl grp… ie methylated uracil)

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18
Q
A

1,3-BPG

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19
Q
A

citrate

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20
Q
A

epinephrine

(decarboxylated, double hydroxlated and methylated tyrosine)

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21
Q
A

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

looks like DHAP, but aldo instead of keto group

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22
Q
A

cys

neutral, polar

  • contains a thiol (R-S-H) on a CH2
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23
Q
A

ile

neutral, nonpolar

2 chiral centers (4 configurations)

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24
Q
A

Phosphatidic Acid

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25
dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP 3C-P compound w central C=O
26
fructose-6- phosphate
27
Progesterone 21C, has O= from 3OHSDH step + unmodified tail
28
glucose-6-phosphate (alpha D)
29
galactose
30
**Acetylcholine** (triple methylated N of choline plus acetyl grp)
31
xanthine | (purine with 2 oxo grps)
32
gln neutral, polar - contains **carboxamide** (carboxyl w/ NH2 replacing OH) attached to _second_ CH2
33
acetone
34
asp acidic, polar - side chain is **carboxyl** after one CH2
35
Ornithine (dont confuse with Lys! ... Lys has one more -CH2- in its R group)
36
Cholesterol 26C
37
**cAMP** (note the cyclized phosphate and ribose and the single amino grp on the purine = adenine)
38
tyr neutral, polar aromatic - side chain is **phenol**
39
oxaloacetate OXA 4C, shitload of keto groups
40
B-hydroxy-B-methyl-glutarate (AKA **HMG** as in HMG-CoA) (the B OH and B -CH3 right in the middle of the molecule give it away)
41
trp neutral, polar aromatic - contains an **indole** (benzene + pyrrole) group attached to -CH2 via the double bonded C of its pyrrole furthest from the N
42
**norepinephrine** (decarboxylated and double hydroxylated tyrosine)
43
Estradiol female sex hormones are 18C compounds w OH- group. Estradiol has add terminal -OH (estrone has =O)
44
diacylglycerol glycerol backbone plus 2 FAs (R grps) connected via _ester_ linkages
45
val neutral, nonpolar - one of the 3 **branched-chain** AAs
46
adenine | (purine with only an amino grp)
47
Hydroxyproline
48
**Cephalin** AKA phosphatidylethanolamine (the longer name makes more sense... is a phosphatidic acid with ethanolamine attached at the P grp ... R grps are fatty acids)
49
Beta Alanine | (alanine with amino in beta position)
50
gamma carboxy glutamate
51
**cGMP** (note the cyclized P and ribose, plus the =O and -NH2 on the purine means guanine)
52
lys basic, polar - pka of side chain is **more** basic than amine - side chain is an **amino** group after four CH2s
53
Sphingosine - found in various sphingolipids in cell membranes - important in signaling as well (looks like a glycerol with middle OH subbed by amino and 3rd H subbed by 15-C w/ double bond on first C)
54
**ethanolamine** | (ethanol with an amine... ya big idiot)
55
Cholic Acid (dont confuse with cholesterol ... has more -OH grps on its rings plus has -COOH on side chain rather than that branching of cholesterol)
56
met neutral, nonpolar - S comes after _two_ CH2s
57
succinate
58
acetic acid
59
cytosine | (pyrimidine with amino and oxo)
60
glu acidic, polar - side chain is **carboxyl** after _two_ CH2s
61
hypoxanthine | (purine with only one oxo grp)
62
Testosterone
63
glycocholic acid (dont confuse with cholesterol or cholic acid... that long side chain has a nitrogen from the glycine which is conjugated to cholic acid)
64
carnitine
65
Urea
66
asn neutral, polar the amine in the side chain is **NEVER** protonated - contains **carboxamide** (carboxyl w/ NH2 replacing OH) attached to CH2
67
fumarate
68
isocitric acid
69
aldosterone
70
glucosamine
71
**GABA** - decarboxylated glutamate
72
carbamoyl phosphate (ammonia + bicarbonate + phosphate ... sort of)
73
phosphatidylcholine - choline is the z group - found in outer layer of lipid bilayer + in pulmonary surfactant, abundunant in brain + nerves - AKA **lecithin**
74
Citrulline | (don't mistake for arginine!)
75
Histamine | (decarbed His)
76
**delta-aminolevulinic acid** (decarboxylation of the alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate intermediate in the ALA synthase rxn)
77
creatine phosphate
78
ribose-5-phosphate
79
fructose
80
2-phosphoglycerate
81
**alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate** (starting from the right side... there is an alpha amino group and beta ketone... this is the intermediate of ALA synthase in delta-aminolevulinate synthesis)
82
α- ketoglutarate
83
pro neutral, nonpolar not an amino acid, but a cyclic amino or imino acid with a secondary amide contained within the ring
84
phe neutral, nonpolar aromatic
85
Sec (Selenocysteine) Neutral Polar - selenium replaces sulfur in cysteine's thiol group
86
Glycine
87
arg basic, polar - pka of side chain is **more** basic than amine - side chain is **guanidine** after three CH2s
88
**acetoacetic acid** (basically just two acetone and acetic acid combined)
89
glycerol
90
ser neutral, polar
91
**Androstenedione**
92
3-phosphoglycerate
93
**Creatinine** | (breakdown product of creatine-P)
94
ignore Mg2+
malate
95
glucose
96
thr neutral, polar 2 chiral centers
97
tryptamine | (decarboxylated tryptophan)
98
fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
99
Uric Acid | (purine with 3 oxo groups)

Biochemistry II (16 decks)

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