Final - Structures Flashcards
leu
neutral, nonpolar
- one of the 3 brainched chain AAs

beta-hydroxy-butyrate
(OH on the beta carbon)

glucose-1-phosphate

6-phosphogluconate
Know how to identify nucleotide AND deoxynucleotide mono, di and triphosphates…
basically just see if the ribose is 2-deoxy or not … then check what base it is… then see how many Ps

Propionic Acid

taurocholic acid
(dont confuse with… cholesterol OR cholic acid OR glycocholic acid…. there’s an S in there, ya big dummy)

serotonin
(decarboxylated and hydroxylated Trp)

glucuronic acid
(NOT glucose! because it has a -COOH instead of -CH2OH)
alanine
his
basic, polar
aromatic
- side chain is imidazole attached to one CH2 via the C furthest from the lone N

Creatine
(made from Gly and Arg … into guanidinoacetate … then methylated on that middle N)

phosphoenolpyruvate PEP
note the C=C in the 3C chain
guanine
(purine with amino and oxo grp)
uracil
(pyrimidine with 2 oxo grps)

Cortisol
21C, O= bc produced from progesterone and lots of -OH groups
thymine
(pyrimidine with 2 oxo and 1 methyl grp… ie methylated uracil)

1,3-BPG

citrate

epinephrine
(decarboxylated, double hydroxlated and methylated tyrosine)

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
looks like DHAP, but aldo instead of keto group
cys
neutral, polar
- contains a thiol (R-S-H) on a CH2
ile
neutral, nonpolar
2 chiral centers (4 configurations)
Phosphatidic Acid

dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP
3C-P compound w central C=O

fructose-6- phosphate

Progesterone
21C, has O= from 3OHSDH step + unmodified tail

glucose-6-phosphate (alpha D)

galactose

Acetylcholine
(triple methylated N of choline plus acetyl grp)

xanthine
(purine with 2 oxo grps)
gln
neutral, polar
- contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH2 replacing OH) attached to second CH2

acetone
asp
acidic, polar
- side chain is carboxyl after one CH2

Ornithine
(dont confuse with Lys! … Lys has one more -CH2- in its R group)

Cholesterol
26C

cAMP
(note the cyclized phosphate and ribose and the single amino grp on the purine = adenine)
tyr
neutral, polar
aromatic
- side chain is phenol

oxaloacetate OXA
4C, shitload of keto groups

B-hydroxy-B-methyl-glutarate
(AKA HMG as in HMG-CoA)
(the B OH and B -CH3 right in the middle of the molecule give it away)
trp
neutral, polar
aromatic
- contains an indole (benzene + pyrrole) group attached to -CH2 via the double bonded C of its pyrrole furthest from the N

norepinephrine
(decarboxylated and double hydroxylated tyrosine)

Estradiol
female sex hormones are 18C compounds w OH- group. Estradiol has add terminal -OH (estrone has =O)

diacylglycerol
glycerol backbone plus 2 FAs (R grps) connected via ester linkages
val
neutral, nonpolar
- one of the 3 branched-chain AAs
adenine
(purine with only an amino grp)

Hydroxyproline

Cephalin
AKA phosphatidylethanolamine
(the longer name makes more sense… is a phosphatidic acid with ethanolamine attached at the P grp … R grps are fatty acids)

Beta Alanine
(alanine with amino in beta position)

gamma carboxy glutamate

cGMP
(note the cyclized P and ribose, plus the =O and -NH2 on the purine means guanine)
lys
basic, polar
- pka of side chain is more basic than amine
- side chain is an amino group after four CH2s
Sphingosine
- found in various sphingolipids in cell membranes
- important in signaling as well
(looks like a glycerol with middle OH subbed by amino and 3rd H subbed by 15-C w/ double bond on first C)

ethanolamine
(ethanol with an amine… ya big idiot)

Cholic Acid
(dont confuse with cholesterol … has more -OH grps on its rings plus has -COOH on side chain rather than that branching of cholesterol)
met
neutral, nonpolar
- S comes after two CH2s

succinate

acetic acid
cytosine
(pyrimidine with amino and oxo)
glu
acidic, polar
- side chain is carboxyl after two CH2s
hypoxanthine
(purine with only one oxo grp)

Testosterone
glycocholic acid
(dont confuse with cholesterol or cholic acid… that long side chain has a nitrogen from the glycine which is conjugated to cholic acid)

carnitine

Urea

asn
neutral, polar
the amine in the side chain is NEVER protonated
- contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH2 replacing OH) attached to CH2

fumarate

isocitric acid

aldosterone

glucosamine

GABA
- decarboxylated glutamate

carbamoyl phosphate
(ammonia + bicarbonate + phosphate … sort of)
phosphatidylcholine
- choline is the z group
- found in outer layer of lipid bilayer + in pulmonary surfactant, abundunant in brain + nerves
- AKA lecithin

Citrulline
(don’t mistake for arginine!)


Histamine
(decarbed His)

delta-aminolevulinic acid
(decarboxylation of the alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate intermediate in the ALA synthase rxn)

creatine phosphate

ribose-5-phosphate

fructose

2-phosphoglycerate

alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate
(starting from the right side… there is an alpha amino group and beta ketone… this is the intermediate of ALA synthase in delta-aminolevulinate synthesis)

α- ketoglutarate
pro
neutral, nonpolar
not an amino acid, but a cyclic amino or imino acid
with a secondary amide contained within the ring
phe
neutral, nonpolar
aromatic

Sec (Selenocysteine)
Neutral
Polar
- selenium replaces sulfur in cysteine’s thiol group
Glycine
arg
basic, polar
- pka of side chain is more basic than amine
- side chain is guanidine after three CH2s

acetoacetic acid
(basically just two acetone and acetic acid combined)

glycerol
ser
neutral, polar

Androstenedione

3-phosphoglycerate

Creatinine
(breakdown product of creatine-P)
ignore Mg2+

malate

glucose
thr
neutral, polar
2 chiral centers

tryptamine
(decarboxylated tryptophan)

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

Uric Acid
(purine with 3 oxo groups)