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Biochemistry II > Final - Structures > Flashcards

Final - Structures Flashcards

1
Q
A

leu

neutral, nonpolar

  • one of the 3 brainched chain AAs
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2
Q
A

beta-hydroxy-butyrate

(OH on the beta carbon)

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3
Q
A

glucose-1-phosphate

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4
Q
A

6-phosphogluconate

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5
Q

Know how to identify nucleotide AND deoxynucleotide mono, di and triphosphates…

A

basically just see if the ribose is 2-deoxy or not … then check what base it is… then see how many Ps

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6
Q
A

Propionic Acid

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7
Q
A

taurocholic acid

(dont confuse with… cholesterol OR cholic acid OR glycocholic acid…. there’s an S in there, ya big dummy)

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8
Q
A

serotonin

(decarboxylated and hydroxylated Trp)

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9
Q
A

glucuronic acid

(NOT glucose! because it has a -COOH instead of -CH2OH)

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10
Q
A

alanine

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11
Q
A

his

basic, polar

aromatic

  • side chain is imidazole attached to one CH2 via the C furthest from the lone N
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12
Q
A

Creatine

(made from Gly and Arg … into guanidinoacetate … then methylated on that middle N)

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13
Q
A

phosphoenolpyruvate PEP

note the C=C in the 3C chain

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14
Q
A

guanine

(purine with amino and oxo grp)

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15
Q
A

uracil

(pyrimidine with 2 oxo grps)

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16
Q
A

Cortisol

21C, O= bc produced from progesterone and lots of -OH groups

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17
Q
A

thymine

(pyrimidine with 2 oxo and 1 methyl grp… ie methylated uracil)

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18
Q
A

1,3-BPG

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19
Q
A

citrate

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20
Q
A

epinephrine

(decarboxylated, double hydroxlated and methylated tyrosine)

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21
Q
A

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

looks like DHAP, but aldo instead of keto group

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22
Q
A

cys

neutral, polar

  • contains a thiol (R-S-H) on a CH2
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23
Q
A

ile

neutral, nonpolar

2 chiral centers (4 configurations)

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24
Q
A

Phosphatidic Acid

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25
Q
A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP

3C-P compound w central C=O

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26
Q
A

fructose-6- phosphate

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27
Q
A

Progesterone

21C, has O= from 3OHSDH step + unmodified tail

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28
Q
A

glucose-6-phosphate (alpha D)

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29
Q
A

galactose

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30
Q
A

Acetylcholine

(triple methylated N of choline plus acetyl grp)

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31
Q
A

xanthine

(purine with 2 oxo grps)

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32
Q
A

gln

neutral, polar

  • contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH2 replacing OH) attached to second CH2
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33
Q
A

acetone

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34
Q
A

asp

acidic, polar

  • side chain is carboxyl after one CH2
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35
Q
A

Ornithine

(dont confuse with Lys! … Lys has one more -CH2- in its R group)

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36
Q
A

Cholesterol

26C

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37
Q
A

cAMP

(note the cyclized phosphate and ribose and the single amino grp on the purine = adenine)

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38
Q
A

tyr

neutral, polar

aromatic

  • side chain is phenol
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39
Q
A

oxaloacetate OXA

4C, shitload of keto groups

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40
Q
A

B-hydroxy-B-methyl-glutarate

(AKA HMG as in HMG-CoA)

(the B OH and B -CH3 right in the middle of the molecule give it away)

41
Q
A

trp

neutral, polar

aromatic

  • contains an indole (benzene + pyrrole) group attached to -CH2 via the double bonded C of its pyrrole furthest from the N
42
Q
A

norepinephrine

(decarboxylated and double hydroxylated tyrosine)

43
Q
A

Estradiol

female sex hormones are 18C compounds w OH- group. Estradiol has add terminal -OH (estrone has =O)

44
Q
A

diacylglycerol

glycerol backbone plus 2 FAs (R grps) connected via ester linkages

45
Q
A

val

neutral, nonpolar

  • one of the 3 branched-chain AAs
46
Q
A

adenine

(purine with only an amino grp)

47
Q
A

Hydroxyproline

48
Q
A

Cephalin

AKA phosphatidylethanolamine

(the longer name makes more sense… is a phosphatidic acid with ethanolamine attached at the P grp … R grps are fatty acids)

49
Q
A

Beta Alanine

(alanine with amino in beta position)

50
Q
A

gamma carboxy glutamate

51
Q
A

cGMP

(note the cyclized P and ribose, plus the =O and -NH2 on the purine means guanine)

52
Q
A

lys

basic, polar

  • pka of side chain is more basic than amine
  • side chain is an amino group after four CH2s
53
Q
A

Sphingosine

  • found in various sphingolipids in cell membranes
  • important in signaling as well

(looks like a glycerol with middle OH subbed by amino and 3rd H subbed by 15-C w/ double bond on first C)

54
Q
A

ethanolamine

(ethanol with an amine… ya big idiot)

55
Q
A

Cholic Acid

(dont confuse with cholesterol … has more -OH grps on its rings plus has -COOH on side chain rather than that branching of cholesterol)

56
Q
A

met

neutral, nonpolar

  • S comes after two CH2s
57
Q
A

succinate

58
Q
A

acetic acid

59
Q
A

cytosine

(pyrimidine with amino and oxo)

60
Q
A

glu

acidic, polar

  • side chain is carboxyl after two CH2s
61
Q
A

hypoxanthine

(purine with only one oxo grp)

62
Q
A

Testosterone

63
Q
A

glycocholic acid

(dont confuse with cholesterol or cholic acid… that long side chain has a nitrogen from the glycine which is conjugated to cholic acid)

64
Q
A

carnitine

65
Q
A

Urea

66
Q
A

asn

neutral, polar

the amine in the side chain is NEVER protonated

  • contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH2 replacing OH) attached to CH2
67
Q
A

fumarate

68
Q
A

isocitric acid

69
Q
A

aldosterone

70
Q
A

glucosamine

71
Q
A

GABA

  • decarboxylated glutamate
72
Q
A

carbamoyl phosphate

(ammonia + bicarbonate + phosphate … sort of)

73
Q
A

phosphatidylcholine

  • choline is the z group
  • found in outer layer of lipid bilayer + in pulmonary surfactant, abundunant in brain + nerves
  • AKA lecithin
74
Q
A

Citrulline

(don’t mistake for arginine!)

75
Q
A

Histamine

(decarbed His)

76
Q
A

delta-aminolevulinic acid

(decarboxylation of the alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate intermediate in the ALA synthase rxn)

77
Q
A

creatine phosphate

78
Q
A

ribose-5-phosphate

79
Q
A

fructose

80
Q
A

2-phosphoglycerate

81
Q
A

alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate

(starting from the right side… there is an alpha amino group and beta ketone… this is the intermediate of ALA synthase in delta-aminolevulinate synthesis)

82
Q
A

α- ketoglutarate

83
Q
A

pro

neutral, nonpolar

not an amino acid, but a cyclic amino or imino acid

with a secondary amide contained within the ring

84
Q
A

phe

neutral, nonpolar

aromatic

85
Q
A

Sec (Selenocysteine)

Neutral

Polar

  • selenium replaces sulfur in cysteine’s thiol group
86
Q
A

Glycine

87
Q
A

arg

basic, polar

  • pka of side chain is more basic than amine
  • side chain is guanidine after three CH2s
88
Q
A

acetoacetic acid

(basically just two acetone and acetic acid combined)

89
Q
A

glycerol

90
Q
A

ser

neutral, polar

91
Q
A

Androstenedione

92
Q
A

3-phosphoglycerate

93
Q
A

Creatinine

(breakdown product of creatine-P)

94
Q

ignore Mg2+

A

malate

95
Q
A

glucose

96
Q
A

thr

neutral, polar

2 chiral centers

97
Q
A

tryptamine

(decarboxylated tryptophan)

98
Q
A

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

99
Q
A

Uric Acid

(purine with 3 oxo groups)

Biochemistry II (16 decks)

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