Final - Spine

Question 1

How many vertebreas are there

Answer 1

33

Question 2

How many true vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

24
7 vertical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar

Question 3

what are false vertebraes

Answer 3

fixed by fusion

sacrum and coccyx

Question 4

vertebrae parts

Answer 4

primary area of weight bearing
resting place for fibrous discs that separate the vertebrae
lamina covers the spinal canal
large hold for spinal nerves
feel spinous process down your back
transverse processes oriented 90 degrees to the spinous process and attachment for back muscles

Question 5

ant vs pos vertebra

Answer 5

separated by peduncles - ant - vertebral body and intervertebral disc
pos - laminae, tranverse processes, articular processes, and spinous process

Question 6

zygophyseal jt

Answer 6

facet/z joint

inf articular process and sup articular process from vertebrae below

Question 7

how many face joints associated with each vertebra

Answer 7

one up one down, angle changes depending on the part of the body for different motions
lumbar allows for flexion and extension - easy to lock if you flex and rotate
c-spine angles downwards for flexion extension and rotation and side bend and interlock with adjacent vertebrae to provide stability
surrounded by cartilage (jt capsule) innervated and capable of producing pain

Question 8

disc

Answer 8

tough outer layer - annulus fibrosis with mushy moist center - nucleus pulposis which dries up as you get older and compression when you stand make you shorter

Question 9

vertebral foramen

Answer 9

lamina, vertebral body, pedicles and allows for spinal cord

Question 10

radicular canal

Answer 10

nerve roots branch off the spinal cord and go through these - made by pedicles, facet jts, laminae, bodies and discs

Question 11

ant longitudinal lig

Answer 11

long band covering bodies and discs

Question 12

pos longitudinal lig

Answer 12

cover pos discs and bodies, fibre blends with annulus fibrosis and help support the disc

Question 13

multifidi

Answer 13

deep core muslce - largest and most powerful extensors - central portion of each to lat portion of two segments above and two below
stabilize the spine/trunk
atrophy if too much erector spinae - dont deadlift with a straight back

Question 14

quadratus lumborum

Answer 14

rectangular and hikes up the hips on either side - attaches to the illium and lumbar transver processes and the 12th rib

Question 15

sacroiliac jt

Answer 15

pelvic bones and sacrum - load bearing

strong ligs - sacroilliac and sacrotuberous limit motions but small amplitudes to redistribute forces during movement

Question 16

atlas

Answer 16

supports cranium
flexion and extension
no vertebral body
wide transverse foramina for vertebral artery
atlanto occipital jt bw sup articulating facets of c1 and occipital condyles =- horizontal, ellipsoid facets for head nodding

Question 17

axis

Answer 17

rotation
dens
strongest c spine

Question 18

sequence of prolapsed discs

Answer 18

protrusion, prolapsed, extruded, sequestrated

Question 19

3 activities with highest forces on back

Answer 19

lift wrong, forward bending with weight, lifting right

Question 20

thoracic spine

Answer 20

upper 4 like cervical
vertically oriented articular facets and pos directed spinous processes
lower 4 like lumbar with large bodies, robust transverse and spinous proccesses and lat projecting articular facets
middle 4 - vertically oriented articular processes and long slender and inf inclined spinous processes
articular facets for ribs - costal demifacets one on each transverse process
11th and 12th dont have sup costal demifacet

Question 21

fix someones back

Answer 21

do the opposite thing that they do all the time - sloppy push ups

Question 22

vertebraes act as

Answer 22

shock absorbers

Question 23

kyphosis

Answer 23

exaggerated rounding of upper thoracic spine - hunchback/dowager
osteoporosis
degenerative disc disease
spinal fractures, cancer/certain treatments, cogenital deformities or hereditary
increased kyphotic curvature, upper thoracic pain, unable to lie flat, muscle pain, poor or altered postures, SOB/cardic or pulmonary disorders or neurological involvement
exercise, brace, stretches

Question 24

low back exercise concerns

Answer 24

breathing
flexibility
strengthen/endurance - table, L spine flexion or extension, side plank
posture - pelvic neutral position

Question 25

if you had a pelvic tilt when you are doing squats

Answer 25

extra load

Question 26

if people hate sitting

Answer 26

disc problem

Question 27

lumber progressions

Answer 27

identify problems, pain relieving modalities if needed - breathing, exercise technique, lower extremity flexibility, stretching, pelvic neutral position stable body and spine - neutral pelvic, increased difficulty of exercises, neutral pelvic during sport increase endurance of lumbar muslces strength speed power agility hypermobility instability,

Question 28

how many foraminas does a certical vertebrae have?

Answer 28

3 - vertebral for spinal cord and 2 transverse for artery, vein and nerve

Question 29

bifid spinous process

Answer 29

c2-6

Question 30

atlantoaxial jt

Answer 30

C1-2, articulation between atlas and dens and articular facets - no mmovement damaged in whiplash alar lig and tranverse lig

Question 31

alar lig

Answer 31

dens of c2 to occipital condyle - check lig, stablize dens and injured in MVA/whiplash

Question 32

transverse lig

Answer 32

stabilize dens pos wall for dense across the atlas prevent ant displacement of atlas

Question 33

c3-7

Answer 33

smallest supported by ligamentum nuchae which is a cont of supraspinous lig short bifid spinous process c 7 has a large spinous process

Question 34

vertebral artery

Answer 34

through transverse foramen to foramen magnum

Question 35

movement of cervical

Answer 35

flexion - 45 extension - 55 rotation - 70 lat flexion - 40

Question 36

thoracic spine

Answer 36

T1-12 larger and stronger, facets on both sides of the vertebral body to allow for artibulation with heads of ribs obliquely downard spinous processes respiratory process

Question 37

ribs and breathing

Answer 37

elevate with inspiration | depress with exhalation

Question 38

restriction of thoracic spine

Answer 38

IV discs and attachment by ribs to sternum

Question 39

lumbar spine

Answer 39

large vertebral body - more weight large vertebral foramen - more triangular shaped long and slender transverse process with accessory process articular process medially and laterally for flexion and extension short thick spinous process that point pos

Question 40

movement of lumbar

Answer 40

flexion 70 extension 30 lat flex 35

Question 41

sacrum

Answer 41

``` 5 supports lumbar fused between 16-18 and complete by 30 pos portion of pelvic cavity lat surfaces form SI jts ```

Question 42

coccyx

Answer 42

3-4 muscle attachment does not participate in body weight support while standing support when seated

Question 43

pelvic girdle function - 3

Answer 43

transfer weight from upper to lower protection for pelvic contents decrease forces applied to spine/upper body from contact with the ground

Question 44

pelvic tilt/rotation

Answer 44

orientation ant - towards the front - tight/short hip flexors (illiacus/psoas) and weak/lengthened hip extensors pull on top of pelvis and lumbar spine to cause forward tilt pos - weak/lengthened hip flexors and tight hip extensors mainly glute max