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Rec and Care > Final - Spine > Flashcards

Final - Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebreas are there

A

33

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2
Q

How many true vertebrae are there?

A

24
7 vertical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar

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3
Q

what are false vertebraes

A

fixed by fusion

sacrum and coccyx

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4
Q

vertebrae parts

A

primary area of weight bearing
resting place for fibrous discs that separate the vertebrae
lamina covers the spinal canal
large hold for spinal nerves
feel spinous process down your back
transverse processes oriented 90 degrees to the spinous process and attachment for back muscles

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5
Q

ant vs pos vertebra

A

separated by peduncles - ant - vertebral body and intervertebral disc
pos - laminae, tranverse processes, articular processes, and spinous process

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6
Q

zygophyseal jt

A

facet/z joint

inf articular process and sup articular process from vertebrae below

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7
Q

how many face joints associated with each vertebra

A

one up one down, angle changes depending on the part of the body for different motions
lumbar allows for flexion and extension - easy to lock if you flex and rotate
c-spine angles downwards for flexion extension and rotation and side bend and interlock with adjacent vertebrae to provide stability
surrounded by cartilage (jt capsule) innervated and capable of producing pain

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8
Q

disc

A

tough outer layer - annulus fibrosis with mushy moist center - nucleus pulposis which dries up as you get older and compression when you stand make you shorter

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9
Q

vertebral foramen

A

lamina, vertebral body, pedicles and allows for spinal cord

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10
Q

radicular canal

A

nerve roots branch off the spinal cord and go through these - made by pedicles, facet jts, laminae, bodies and discs

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11
Q

ant longitudinal lig

A

long band covering bodies and discs

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12
Q

pos longitudinal lig

A

cover pos discs and bodies, fibre blends with annulus fibrosis and help support the disc

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13
Q

multifidi

A

deep core muslce - largest and most powerful extensors - central portion of each to lat portion of two segments above and two below
stabilize the spine/trunk
atrophy if too much erector spinae - dont deadlift with a straight back

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14
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

rectangular and hikes up the hips on either side - attaches to the illium and lumbar transver processes and the 12th rib

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15
Q

sacroiliac jt

A

pelvic bones and sacrum - load bearing

strong ligs - sacroilliac and sacrotuberous limit motions but small amplitudes to redistribute forces during movement

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16
Q

atlas

A

supports cranium
flexion and extension
no vertebral body
wide transverse foramina for vertebral artery
atlanto occipital jt bw sup articulating facets of c1 and occipital condyles =- horizontal, ellipsoid facets for head nodding

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17
Q

axis

A

rotation
dens
strongest c spine

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18
Q

sequence of prolapsed discs

A

protrusion, prolapsed, extruded, sequestrated

19
Q

3 activities with highest forces on back

A

lift wrong, forward bending with weight, lifting right

20
Q

thoracic spine

A

upper 4 like cervical
vertically oriented articular facets and pos directed spinous processes
lower 4 like lumbar with large bodies, robust transverse and spinous proccesses and lat projecting articular facets
middle 4 - vertically oriented articular processes and long slender and inf inclined spinous processes
articular facets for ribs - costal demifacets one on each transverse process
11th and 12th dont have sup costal demifacet

21
Q

fix someones back

A

do the opposite thing that they do all the time - sloppy push ups

22
Q

vertebraes act as

A

shock absorbers

23
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated rounding of upper thoracic spine - hunchback/dowager
osteoporosis
degenerative disc disease
spinal fractures, cancer/certain treatments, cogenital deformities or hereditary
increased kyphotic curvature, upper thoracic pain, unable to lie flat, muscle pain, poor or altered postures, SOB/cardic or pulmonary disorders or neurological involvement
exercise, brace, stretches

24
Q

low back exercise concerns

A

breathing
flexibility
strengthen/endurance - table, L spine flexion or extension, side plank
posture - pelvic neutral position

25
Q

if you had a pelvic tilt when you are doing squats

A

extra load

26
Q

if people hate sitting

A

disc problem

27
Q

lumber progressions

A

identify problems, pain relieving modalities if needed
- breathing, exercise technique, lower extremity flexibility, stretching, pelvic neutral position
stable body and spine - neutral pelvic, increased difficulty of exercises, neutral pelvic during sport
increase endurance of lumbar muslces
strength
speed power agility
hypermobility instability,

28
Q

how many foraminas does a certical vertebrae have?

A

3 - vertebral for spinal cord and 2 transverse for artery, vein and nerve

29
Q

bifid spinous process

A

c2-6

30
Q

atlantoaxial jt

A

C1-2, articulation between atlas and dens and articular facets - no mmovement
damaged in whiplash
alar lig and tranverse lig

31
Q

alar lig

A

dens of c2 to occipital condyle - check lig, stablize dens and injured in MVA/whiplash

32
Q

transverse lig

A

stabilize dens
pos wall for dense
across the atlas
prevent ant displacement of atlas

33
Q

c3-7

A

smallest
supported by ligamentum nuchae which is a cont of supraspinous lig
short bifid spinous process
c 7 has a large spinous process

34
Q

vertebral artery

A

through transverse foramen to foramen magnum

35
Q

movement of cervical

A

flexion - 45
extension - 55
rotation - 70
lat flexion - 40

36
Q

thoracic spine

A

T1-12
larger and stronger, facets on both sides of the vertebral body to allow for artibulation with heads of ribs
obliquely downard spinous processes
respiratory process

37
Q

ribs and breathing

A

elevate with inspiration

depress with exhalation

38
Q

restriction of thoracic spine

A

IV discs and attachment by ribs to sternum

39
Q

lumbar spine

A

large vertebral body - more weight
large vertebral foramen - more triangular shaped
long and slender transverse process with accessory process
articular process medially and laterally for flexion and extension
short thick spinous process that point pos

40
Q

movement of lumbar

A

flexion 70
extension 30
lat flex 35

41
Q

sacrum

A 
5
supports lumbar 
fused between 16-18 and complete by 30 
pos portion of pelvic cavity 
lat surfaces form SI jts
42
Q

coccyx

A

3-4
muscle attachment
does not participate in body weight support while standing
support when seated

43
Q

pelvic girdle function - 3

A

transfer weight from upper to lower
protection for pelvic contents
decrease forces applied to spine/upper body from contact with the ground

44
Q

pelvic tilt/rotation

A

orientation
ant - towards the front - tight/short hip flexors (illiacus/psoas) and weak/lengthened hip extensors pull on top of pelvis and lumbar spine to cause forward tilt
pos - weak/lengthened hip flexors and tight hip extensors mainly glute max

Rec and Care (11 decks)

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