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Rec and Care > Final - Environmental Considerations > Flashcards

Final - Environmental Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

hyperthermia
prone
ex

A

elevated body temp
football, longdistance runners
Vikings - Corey stringer that took stimulants and died

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2
Q

heat stress

A

preventable
exercising in hot, humid environments
when outside of body temp - denature of protein and wonky physiological processes
needs to be able to dissipate heat

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3
Q

body temp can be affected by

A 
metabolic heat production = ages and conditions 
conductive heat exchange 
convective heat exchange - gas 
radiant heat exchange 
evaporative heat loss
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4
Q

BMR

A

basal metabolic rate - min energy required to sustain body’s vital functions - basic lvl of heat production on chemical rxns of metabolism

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5
Q

muscular activity and heat production

A

side effect to BMR

strenuous PA - increase BMR 5 times the normal rate

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6
Q

hormones and BMR

A

several can increase - menopause

stress hormones and thyroxine increase BMR

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7
Q

dietary intake in metabolic rate

A

increase - works to digest food

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8
Q

conduction

A

transfer of heat by direct contact

proportional to SA, temp diff, and density of surrounding

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9
Q

convection

A

movement of molecules from warm to cool - wind chill

proportional to temp gradient and air flow

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10
Q

radiant

A

heat from sun increases body temp

body dissipates heat through dilating superficial capillaries

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11
Q

evaporation of sweat

A

trap and reduce heat when evaporated by 0.58kcal/ml - fat ind insulates the heat
proportional to SA, temp diff
inversely proportional to humidity
rise in core temp -> hypothalamus -> SNS -> increase sweat

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12
Q

water vapor in expired air

A

cools the body - you will lose water and weight through breathing

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13
Q

if you are running and dont sweat anymore

A

sign of heat stroke

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14
Q

replenshing fluids

A

1:1

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15
Q

heat index

A

wet bulb globe temp
dry bulb temp - mercury thermometer
wet bulb temp - wet wick/gauze at the end of thermometor and swung in the air
over 90 all training must be stopped

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16
Q

heat exhaustion

A

exercise in heat and humidity that increases the body temp secondary to heat from muslce work
dehydration or humid environment affects sweating therefore heat loss

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17
Q

4 at risk of heat illness

A

hot and humid
dehydration
lack of fitness
unacclimatized - at least one day before

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18
Q

mild heat illness - 3

A

heat fatigue - tiredness and weakness, occasionally headache - drink more water , vessels are dilated so dont get up and run
heat cramps - muslce tightness and spasms, usually calf and thigh
heat syncope - fainting episode immediately after exercise

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19
Q

moderate heat illness

A

heat exhaustion - weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea - occasional mild confusion
Loss of consciousness - if cont - mild reduction in BP and increase in HR

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20
Q

severe heat illness

A

heat stroke - reduced consciousness
hot dry skin
low BP and rapid pulse

21
Q

diagnosis of heat illness

A

urgent consult with sports physician, usually clinical but electrolytes may be lost

22
Q

treatment of mild heat illness

A

stop, elevate legs, cool drinks

23
Q

treatment of mod heat illness

A

stop, shelter from heat, ice to neck armpits and groin, cool drinks

24
Q

treatment of severe heat illness

A

stop, remove from environment, ice to neck, armpits and groins, fluid replacement
conscious - cold fluids - glucose/electrolyte, 5% glucose or water downed tomato juice
unconscious - intravenous fluids
may hospitalize

25
Q

7 preventing heat illness

A 
fluid and electrolyte replacement 
gradual acclimatization 
identify susceptible ind 
wicking uniforms 
weight records 
temp and humidity readings 
fluid and electrolyte balance
26
Q

fluid and electrolyte balance

A

athletes need to replenish fluids bc they sweat regardless
cold more readily absorbed
hypohydration - decreased muscular strength and endurance, decreased blood and plasma volume, altered cardiac function, loss of electrolytes
commercially prepared drinks - slow gastric emptying due to sugars
activities >45 mins from 5% solution of polymerized glucose - before and after competition

27
Q

gradual acclimatization

A

accustomed to heat and exercise in hot temps

preseason program before competition

28
Q

susceptible ind

A

large muscle mass/overweight

poor fitness, hx of heat illness and sick

29
Q

uniforms

A

light weight - polypropylene to wick sweat away

30
Q

weight records

A

1.1-1.5% of water can be lost before you see a drop in performance
3-5% drop in blood volume, only allowed to cut 5%

31
Q

temp and humidity

A

DBT and WBT should be taken before and after exercise - then modify practice

32
Q

hypothermia

A

reduction in core body temp

when it loses more heat than it can produce

33
Q

4 ways to lose heat

A

conduction
convection
radiation - loss to nearby objects
sweating - evaporation

34
Q

3 at risk for hypothermia

A

water, alpine, endurance sports

35
Q

mild hypothermia - 6

A 
cold extremities 
shivering 
increased HR and BR
urgent desire to pass urine 
slight uncoordination
36
Q

mod hypothermia - 7

A 
tiredness and weakness 
increased uncoordination 
reduced shivering and slurred speech 
poor mem 
drowsiness, poor judgment 
dehydration
37
Q

severe hypothermia - 7

A 
stop shivering 
inappropriate B 
reduced consciousness 
muslce ridigidy 
low BP and HR 
irregular HR 
fluid accumulation in lungs
38
Q

treating mild hypothermia

A

remove from cold
remove all wet clothing and cover with dry blankets - if cant - put them in a plastic bag below the neck
space blanket
warm drinks

39
Q

treating mod hypothermia

A 
remove from cold 
remove all wet clothing and cover with dry blankets - if cant - put them in a plastic bag below the neck 
space blanket 
gentle 
hospital
40
Q

treating severe hypothermia

A

gentle
urgent transfer to hospital
ICU and active rewarming with close monitoring

41
Q

dangers of hypothermia

A

irregular HR - artial fibrilation, ventricular fibrillation
pulmonary edema - fluid in lungs
aspiration - foreign body into lungs
increased risk of muscular tear - decreased flexibility
numbness and impaired coordination
decreased energy availability - inhibition of breakdown of energy stores

42
Q

7 prevention of hypothermia

A 
avoid activity inappropriate for fitness lvls 
avoid activity to exhaustion 
avoid dehydration 
ensure adequate nutrition 
appropriate clothing 
warm up appropriately 
plan and communicate with others
43
Q

frost bite

A

freezing of tissues due to exposure of extreme cold - peripheries
superficial - superficial layers of skin
deep - full thickness of skin and deeper issues

44
Q

risk for frost bite

A

activities in extreme cold - alpine events

45
Q

symptoms of superficial frost bite

A

burning local pain
numbness
pale and grey skin - red after thawing
blisters

46
Q

symptoms of deep frost bite

A

extreme pain
numbness
frozen block of hard white tissue with areas of gangrene and blood blisters if severe

47
Q

treatment of superficial frost bite

A

thaw but direct contact with body heat - dont thaw unless prevention of refreeze - dont rub

48
Q

treatment of deep frost bite

A 
hot water bath - whirlpool with antiseptic 
hospitalization 
pain killers 
antibiotics for infection 
special intravenous fluids 
delayed surgery

Rec and Care (11 decks)

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