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Rec and Care > Final - Elbow > Flashcards

Final - Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

lat humeral epi

A

extensor attachment

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2
Q

med humeral epi

A

flexor attachment

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3
Q

capitulum of humerus -

A

radiohumeral jt

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4
Q

trochlea of humerus

A

humeroulnar jt

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5
Q

head of radius

A

proximal, disc shaped, round and flat at sup end articulates with capitulum of humerus to form radio humeral jt

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6
Q

radial tuberosity

A

distal radioulnar jt and has a radial styloid process

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7
Q

proximal ulna

A

humeroulnar / trochlear jt - bw trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

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8
Q

distal ulna

A

distal radioulnar jt with radius and has ulnar styloid process

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9
Q

normal ROM of elbow

A

touch your shoulder and extend

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10
Q

mechanics of humeroulnar jt

A

hinge - only movement in one plane

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11
Q

radiohumeral jt

A

uniaxial hinge jt for flexion and extension

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12
Q

proximal radioulnar

mechanics

A

synovial pivot
head of radius and ulna surrounded by annular lig
pronation and supination of forearm

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13
Q

mechanics of the radioulnar

A

spinning of either direction - in our elbow

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14
Q

fracture of the radius would limit motion at

A

elbow and the wrist

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15
Q

distal radioulnar articulation

A

synovial pivot
between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
articular/triangular fibrocarlage disc unite them
supination pronation radial moves around ulna

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16
Q

stability of elbow - 3

A

bony architecture of humerus and ulna
strong ulnar and radial collateral ligs
muscles that surround the jt

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17
Q

UCL

bands

A

ulnar/medial collateral lig - valgus test and used in throwing/overhead sports - esp poor mechanics
ant band - med epi to coronoid process of ulna - tight in extension
pos band - med humeral condyle of humerus to olecranon process - resist valgus in flex position
oblique/transverse - from olecranon process to coronoid process and resists valgus force

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18
Q

radio collateral lig

A

lat humeral epi to ulna, some fibres blend with annular, prevent distraction of radius and resis varus

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19
Q

annular

A

coronoid process around radial to coronoid process - free rotary movement

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20
Q

interosseous membrane

A

fibrous sheet between ulna and radius - syndesmosis jt of forearm
site for muscle attachment and transfer forces between radius ulna and humerus
shin splits

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21
Q

3 flexion muclses

A

biceps - supinated grip
brachialis - pronated grip
brachioradialis - neutral grip

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22
Q

2 pronation muscles

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

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23
Q

2 supinators

A

supinor, bieps (sup, flex, should flex) - wine uncorking muscle

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24
Q

3 main nerves at the brachial plexus

A

under collarbone and in then out of the first ribs - travel down the arm for sensation and muscular innervation - end in hands and give feelings to extremities and moves the hand
median - ant compartment (flexor/pronator), affected in carpal tunnel
ulnar - ant compartment - funny bone
radial - pos compartment (extensor/supinator)

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25
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome

A

poor posture and lots of pec workouts

26
Q

observation of elbow injuries

A

carrying angle and swelling

27
Q

movement of the elbow

A

flextion extension
supination pronation
test all movements - shoulder and wrist

28
Q

middle finger test

A

lateral epicondylosis - fully extended arm with flexed wrist and outstretched middle finger, light downward pressure
pos - weakness and pain over lat epi

29
Q

exercise for tennis elbow

A

eccentric movements of elbow extension

30
Q

cozens test

A

lat epi
flexed/fully extended arm, resisted wrist extension
pos - pain

31
Q

medial eipcondylitis

A

golfers elbow
supination - resisted wrist flexion
pos - pain and weakness

32
Q

valgus stress test

A

UCL
extended and supported at the elbow and wrist - valgus force pronated, supinate for LCL
pos - laxity and pain

33
Q

vaurs stress test

A

RCL
slightly flexed, supported at elbow and wrist - varus force
pos - laxity and pain

34
Q

tinels sign

A

impingement of ulnar nerve
tap ulnar notch - zaps down
pos - tingling along forearm, hand and fingers

35
Q

tennis elbow
MOI
S&S
Management

A

overuse of forearm/wrist extensors for pain at lat elbow
backhand athletes
microtearing because of eccentric loading of extensor
insidious pain, numbness/tingling, pain with movement and passive movement, localized tenderness over lap epi
PIER, NSAID, brace, eccentric strengthening exercises, mechanics

36
Q

At what weight can you repeat an exercise forever?

A

15% weight of 1RM

37
Q

correct person for a job?

A

physical demands - what forces can they generate

38
Q

3 ways to prevent work place injuries

A

change yourself - strength
change the task
change administrative - relief positions and reduce exposure, or switch your hands

39
Q

racquet material

A

graphite composites - best in torsion and vibration controil

40
Q

head size of racquet

A

midsize (95-110 square inches), oversize susceptible to arm injuries with increased torque effects of shots hit off centre

41
Q

string tension of racquet

A

lower end of recommendation - higher control but more torque and vibration

42
Q

stringing material of racquet

A

synthetic nylon every 6 m

43
Q

grip size of racquet

A

too large/small lessen control and promote excessive wrist movement - from mid palm to tip of fingers

44
Q

golfers elbow
MOI
s&s
management

A

medial epicondylitis
forceful/cont flexion and pronation - raquet sports, golf, piano for common flexor tendon
micro tears due to eccentric loading and poor blood supply
pain, pain with resisted forearm flexion, decreased grip strength, tight with stretching elbow and wrist flexors, may spread down forearm
PIER, NSAIDS, brace, address mechanics, stretch flexor, brace for new insertion pt of muslce

45
Q

olecranon bursitis
S&S
management

A

students elbow
inflammation of bursa
localized swelling, TOP for acute and septic, no TOP for bursa, pain
PIER, mechanics for chronic, pad

46
Q

3 types of bursitis

A

acute - direct trauma
chronic - most common due to repetitive trauma
septic - infection

47
Q

UCL sprain

management

A

sprain or tear, overuse in throwing
pain, instability, dysfunction, swelling, tingling/numbness - lack of full extension
PIER, compression base, strengthen when cleared to play

48
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome

S&S

A

compression, traction or irritation of ulnar nerve as it passes the cubital tunnel of medial elbow
sublux nerve over medial epi, muscular compression of triceps, UCL instability, overuse in flexion or extension
pain, paresthesia of 4th and 5th fingers, weak grip, snapping/popping of medial elbow, TOP esp with hyperflexion
no PIER due to neurological symptoms, stretch and strengthen, MD for cortisone which reduce inflammation but makes everything lax - 3 shots/site increase chance of rupture
rest and immob for 2 wks, NSAIDS, splinting,

49
Q

dislocation of the elbow
MOI
S&S
management

A

FOOSH with elbow hyperextended, twist with elbow in flexed position, olecranon extends pos
deformity, swelling, pain, loss of function, lig and muscle restraining mechanism, severe pain and hemarthosis, injury to median and radial nerves and blood vessels
immobilize in position found - PIER
dont reduce, sling after reduction at MD
restore strength and ROM when cleared - have to push

50
Q

why elbow is often injured

A

nature of sport
bony architecture
broad ROM
exposure to soft tissue damage

51
Q

contusion

MOI

A

contact
swell
PIER, xray to r/o #

52
Q

strains
MOI
S&S
management

A

hyperextension - wrist flexors and biceps
pain with AROM, point tenderness
PIER, sling

53
Q

MCL sprain
MOI
S&S
management

A

hyperextension of elbow and valgus force
pain, inability to throw or grasp, TOP MCL, flexor tendon injury
PIER, tape to prevent hyperextension, limit motion

54
Q

grip strength related to

A

whole body strength

55
Q

Taping for elbow hyperextension

A

slightly flex
2 anchors above biceps
2 anchors around forearm
make a fan, fill the fan and leave cubital fossa open

56
Q

elbow osteochondritis dissecans
MOI
S&S
management

A

uk, impairment of blood supply - fragmentation of articular surface - loose bodies within the jt, repetitive microtrauma or rotation extension and valgus force - radial head compression
sudden pain, locking, crepitus
rest, PIER, NSAIDS, cast, surgery

57
Q

little league elbow
MOI
S&S
Management

A

repetitive microtrauma from throwing, disorder of growth plate, accelerated apophyseal growth region, traction apophysitis with fragmentation of medial epicondylar apophysis - avulsion of radial head, non-union stress fracture of olecranon epiphysis
flexion contracture, tightness of ant jt capsule and weakness of tricep, locking and catching, decreased ROM for pronation and supination
PIER, stretch flexors and extensors, correct faulty mechanics and limit pitches

58
Q

what body part to use in javeline

A

shoulders

59
Q

pitching mechanics

A

finite number of throws - retrospective - injury induced by muscular fatigue

60
Q

6 steps of pitches

A

wind up - initiate to rotated and striding leg is elevated and flexed
stride - till when lead foot contacts ground
arm cocking - begins at stride and ends at max shoulder external rotation
arm acceleration - follow arm cocking and end at ball release
arm decel - ball release to max shoulder internal rotation
follow through - arm completes movement

61
Q

elbow fracture
MOI
S&S
management

A

foosh
deformity, hemorrhage, swelling, muscle spasm, pain
splint, PIER, ER

62
Q

volkmann’s contracture
MOI
S&S
Management

A

serious elbow injury -> brachial/radial pulse monitored periodically - cause muscle spasm, swelling, bone pressure, inhibit blood circulation to forearm, wrist and hand
permanent? greater pain in forearm when fingers are passively extended
pain followed by cessation of brachial/radial pulses
removing elastic tensors, casts, and elevation - MD

Rec and Care (11 decks)

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