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Rec and Care > Final - Protective Sports Equipment, Forearm, Hand, Wrist, Fingers > Flashcards

Final - Protective Sports Equipment, Forearm, Hand, Wrist, Fingers Flashcards

1
Q

sport participants must be protected from

A

high velocity low mass forces - focal injuries like a bullet or a puck
low velocity high mass forces - checked into boards and absorbing forces - diffuse injuries

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2
Q

how to prevent injuries

A

prophylactic/preventative braces

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3
Q

8 things that can lead to sport related injuries

A 
illegal play 
poor technique 
inadequate conditioning 
poorly matched player levels 
prev injury that is now vulnerable 
low tolerance of player to injury 
inability to protect area due to restricted ROM in exchange for high stability 
poor quality, maintenance or cleanliness or protective equipment
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4
Q

materials in diff sports - mountain bike vs football helmets

A

mountain bikes - one hit

football helmets - durable

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5
Q

football vs hockey helmets

A

thick padding and hard shell that are designed to strenthen trap neck and core to hit - deflects a lot of force vs overlapped plastic hard shell that deflects some but absorb a lot of forces - pucks

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6
Q

low density material

A

light and comfortable
effective at low levels of impact
gauze padding, foam, neoprene

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7
Q

high density materials

A

less comforable

less cusioning but absorb more energy by deformation - orthoplast/thermoplast casting materials

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8
Q

resilience of materials

A

high regain their shape and used over areas with repeated impact
nonresilient is best - but one time/occasional materials

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9
Q

soft materials - 3

A

light - air
open cell - connected and deform quickly and not good for shock absorbing
closed cell - no passage in between, material rebound and return to prev shape, less cushioning at low impact

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10
Q

hard materials - 3

A

plastic and rubber
plastic conforms better than rubber
heat molded
splints

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11
Q

design factors - 7

A

increase impact area
transfer/disperse impact to another body part
limit relative motion of body part
add mass to limit deformation and displacement
reduce friction between surfaces
absorb energy
resist absorption of bacteria, fungus and viruses

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12
Q

protective equipment for head and face - 3

A

single/double air bladder and closed cell
plastic shell
principle of protection - deflection and absorption of force

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13
Q

5 steps to fitting a football helmet

A 
manufacturers guideline 
haircut for the season 
wet hair for sweaty game hair 
checked daily 
move side to side and up and down - should not move in opposite direction of head
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14
Q

Hockey helmets

A

prevent eye injuries
replace every 7 years and never buy a use one - weakened plastic or deteriorating lining
CSA mark
snug and taut chin cup
wear it before game
dont tamper with it
solid wire structure
scratches/cracks (structural strength) on plastic visor
discard cracked helmet - design to take more than one hit so hit means its bad

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15
Q

spectacles

A

lens, frame and side shields
3mm thick and CR39 plastic or polycarbonate
racquet ball at 40m/s or racquet at 22.2m/s

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16
Q

hard contact lens

A

corneal

dislodged and corneal abrasions

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17
Q

soft contact lens

A

scleral - entire front
pool water causes it to adhere to cornea but not recommended due to microorganisms in pool water to wear goggles with them

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18
Q

ear wear

A

boxing, wrestling, water polo

prevent repeated friction and trauma

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19
Q

mouth guard

A

does not prevent concussions
boil and bite as good as custom ones
shock absorber when get hit upward into lower jaw
protect teeth, mouth, lips, cheeks, gums, tongue and jaw
should cover all teeth
6-14 every 3 m
>16 annually
adults 2yr - lose their resiliency and flexibility over time

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20
Q

stock mouth guard

A

inexpensive but not good fit and comfort for speaking and breathing - least protection

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21
Q

mouth formed

A

boil and bite - relatively cheap - molded after boiling - limited sizes with little attempt at proper fit

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22
Q

custom formed

A

dentist with a vacuum machine - change over time and become lose, thinning and perforating - no way to insure proper thickness

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23
Q

pressure laminated custom made

A

model from several layers of material in special heat lamination machine - maintains fit and protective thickness over time - taekwondo helmets - protect your head from hitting the ground

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24
Q

shoulder protection

A

protect soft and bony tissue structures in the shoulder, upper back and chest, absorb and deflect force - made to hit in football, protect in hockey

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25
Q

football shoulder pads

A

cantilever - hard plastic bridge for AC

flat - light weight for QB and receivers who raise their hands over their head

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26
Q

valgus knee

A

patella wants to move - tape or patellar brace

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27
Q

functional knee braces

A

ACL

min ant tranlation of tib and varus and valgus force

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28
Q

factors affecting FKB

A

hinge design/placement
materials - stiff
soft tissue interface

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29
Q

ankle braces

A

prevent or support ankle
proprioceptively stronger but chaffing, blistering and fit - 50/50
lace up - limit all ankle motions
semi rigid orthosis - limit inversion and eversion
air bladder - give PF and DF, limit inversion and eversion

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30
Q

ankle taping vs bracing

A

taping lose effectiveness after 20 mins, subjectively more effective, proprioceptive effect
brace costs less, generally supportive throughout but does not conform well to body

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31
Q

what are the 8 bones of the metacarpals

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiforms, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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32
Q

flexibility and motion of the wrist and hand due to

A

articulations of wrist and hand

33
Q

radiocarpal jt

A

flexion, extension, ab, adduction, circumduction

34
Q

carpal jts

A

gliding jt strengthened by ligamentous support

35
Q

metacarpal jt

A

flexion extension, abduction adduction and circumduction

thumb - rotation

36
Q

phalangeal jt

A

flexion extension

37
Q

ulnar collateral lig

A

tip of styloid process of radius to scaphoid

38
Q

transverse carpal lig

A

volar aspect of carpal bones - roof of carpal tunnel

39
Q

PIP jt lig

A

collateral

40
Q

sup radioulnar articulation

A

pivot jt formed by ulna and annular lig

41
Q

distal radioulnar articulation

A

pivot jt formed by head of ulna with small notch on radius, held by ant and pos radioulnar ligs, small trangular disk between radius and ulna that increases stability of jt

42
Q

middle radioulnar jt

A

between shaft of radius and ulna held together by interosseous membrane

43
Q

flexors

A

wrist flexion, radial and ulnar deviation attached to medial epi

44
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

come here - narrow grip

45
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

come here with tip of fingers - wide grip

46
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

beside pulmaris longus - resisted radial side of a wrist

47
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar deviation and flexion - resist on ulnar side

48
Q

palmaris longus

A

10-15% borned without one - most prominent when you touch your pinky and thumb together

49
Q

flexor pollicus longus

A

flex thumb down

50
Q

extensors attach to

A

lat epi

wrist and finger extension, radial and ulnar deviation - any can cause tennis elbow

51
Q

extensor digitorum

A

extend fingers

52
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

straight arm tennis elbow test

53
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

bent arm tennis elbow test

54
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

straight arm tennis elbow test

55
Q

extensor indicis

A

extend index finger

56
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

more force developed with last three fingers

57
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

game thumbs

58
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

push on metacarpal

59
Q

hand nerve network

A

make it sensitive to pressure touch heat and cold

60
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

8-12 weeks warrants necrosis of bone if undetected

61
Q

scaphoid and anatomical snuffbox

A

EPL and EPB/APL - hosts radial artery

62
Q

listers tuberacle align with

A

lunate and capitate

63
Q

tunnels of wrist and hand

A

6 dorsal for extensor tendons

2 palmar for nerves, arteries and flexor tendons

64
Q

tunnel of guyon

A

palmar - between pisiform and hook of hamate - ulnar nerve and ulnar artery - handle bar injury of tingling

65
Q

carpal tunnel

A

palmar - median nerve - first 3 fingers - 8 long finger flexor tendons
- pisiform, navicular, hook of hamate and trapezium
- tendinitis bc you have no place to go so they dig out underneath but you have buses going through
entire hand tingling
distal end of PL marks ant surface of tunnel
FCR lies within carpal tunnel

66
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome
MOI
S&S
management

A

impinged median nerve, transverse carpal lies over median nerve, frequent typers or flexion activities
sensory and motor changes along median distribution
treat the cause, stretch flexors, proper ergonomics, splint at night, NSAIDS

67
Q

scaphoid fractures
MOI
S&S
Management

A

most common, Foosh,, difficult healing due to poor blood supply and doesnt show up on eray until 3/4 days after
pain in snuff box guilty until proven innocent, swelling of carpal area
PIER, MD, immob and not do anything for 3 days

68
Q

forearm splints

A

athletes who use upper body to support weight, isometric contraction causes irritation to bone - gymnast
dull ache between extensor muslces, weak and pain, irration of interosseus membrane
strengthen early in season, rest and ice late in season, treat cause - deep muscle compartment more susceptible to flexor injuries

69
Q

jumps from swing and foosh of right arm, obvious deformity of right forearm

A

forearm fracture

70
Q

forearm fracture
MOI
S&S
Management

A

occur to both radius and ulna
audible pop or crack, pain, swelling, disability, localized tenderness and ecchymosis with possible crepitus
PIER, ER, treat for shock

71
Q

colles fracture
MOI
S&S
Management

A

fall forward and throw hands forward to break it - sudden uptake of weight by wrist - end of radius and ulna to buckle
deformity - dinner fork - profuse bleeding and swelling
PIER, ER, splint

72
Q

wrist sprain
MOI
S&S
management

A

hyperextension or flexion
pain, swelling, dysfunction
PIER, splint, strengthening

73
Q

tendinitis
MOI
S&S
management

A

FCR and racquet sports - overuse
pain on A/PROM, weakness
treat the cause , PIER, correct mechanics, wrist splint

74
Q

nerve compression

4 diff conditions

A

entrapment palsy
- narrow tunnel impinges nerve - median and ulnar under hook of hammate
biships hand - damage to ulner neruve - causes flexion of 4th and 5th fingers
claw hand - compression of both median and ulnar nerves
drop wrist - damage to radial nerve - paralysis of wrist extensors
ape hand - palsy of median nerve

75
Q

blood under nail
MOI
S&S
management

A

jam/sth landing on nail
pain, blood
first few hrs - tiny whole with dril to release blood and relieve pain - clean with antiseptic - heat a paper clip

76
Q

mallet fingers
MOI
S&S
Management

A

jersey finger, stronger flexors
blow on distal aspect of the finger and aculse the extensor tendon
pain at DIP, unable to extend DIP and TOP
PIER, splint, xray, surgical not great

77
Q

boutonniere deformity
MOI
S&S
Management

A

rupture of the extensor tendon at the middle phalanx
unable to extend DIP
PIER, splint for 5-8wks

78
Q

game keepers thumb/skiers thumb
MOI
S&S
Management

A

UCL sprain of MCP of thumb - skiers and soccer players - forceful add/abduction of proximal phalanx and hyperextension or flexed
pain over UCL, weak and painful pinch, TOP
PIER, xray, tape

79
Q

boxers fracture
MOI
S&S
management

A

break end of pinky
punching sth hard - end of metacarpal bone takes brunt of impact - neck and bends toward the palm
4th and 5th meta - painful and swollen - dont rotate and bucklet it down - gutter/sand splint
xray, PIER, splint 4th and 5th

Rec and Care (11 decks)

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