Final - Skin Disorders Flashcards
epidermis
outer sheath of body
protection against microorganisms, foreign particles, chemicals, UV rays
dermis
connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands
hair follicles
hair
keep your body warm by trapping air underneath them
sebaceous galnds
tiny organs that open into hair follicles on the surface of your skin - sebum - oily secretion - natural lubricant onto epidermis
most concentrated on scalp and face
sweat glands
all over your body
regulate body temp
when sweat evaporates the skin temp drops
fluids in sweat contain antibacterial agents essential in controlling infections
macule
small flat circular discoloration smaller tahn 1cm in diamater - freckle
papule
solid elevation less than 1cm in diameter - wart
plaque or patch
macule or papule larger than 1cm - vitiligo patch - depigmentation
module
solid mass smaller then 1cm deep into dermis - dermatofibroma - fibrosis tumor like
tumor
slid mass >1cm, cavernous hemangioma (tumor filled with blood vessels)
cyst
encapsulated, fluid filled in dermis or subcutis - epidermal cyst
wheal
papule or plaque caused by serum collection into dermis, allergic reaction - utricaria (hives)
vesicle
fluid filled elevation <1cm just below epidermis - small pox/chicken pox
bulla
like a vesicle but larger - 2nd degree burn, friction blister
pustule
like a vesicle but contains pus - acne
dont touch anything
raised, discoloured, things coming out
clear liquid and not itchy
likely not contagious
hard mass
cyst - attacked and covered
lumps and bumps
get them examined
blisters
can be debilitating - earl in the season - horizontal shearing of the skin
prevention of blisters
talcum powder, axial grease, double/tubular socks, breaks shoes in before competition
managing blisters
first 24 hrs intact cut with sterile scalpel to drain pressure to area with clean bandaid and clean with antiseptic solutions donut keep it clean
ingrown toe nails
lateral pressure caused by poorly fitting shoes, improper toenail trimming or trauma, fungus love warm moist places
prevention of ingrown toe nails
properly fitted shoes, trimmed nails weekly straight across
management of ingrown toe nails
small thin flat piece of cotton longer then wide, length matches the nail
stretch between thumb and forefingers and slide it between flesh and nail - thin layer of antibiotic over skin
press down on flesh near problem area and slide it under nail
cover with large sterile bandage
change everyday esp after shower/bath
wound dressing
wash your hands
wear gloves
clean wound with soap and water
rinse
dry
non adherent dressing and antibiotic cream and secure with bandage
keep bandage dry or use moist wound healing bandage and change daily
impetigo contagiosa
S&S
management
caused by bacteria, spreads quickly when athlete is in close contact
mild itching and soreness, eruption of small vesicles that form into pustules and later yellow crustations
thorough cleansing of crusted areas followed by antibiotic cream
folliculitis
S&S
management
infection of hair follicle - in grown hair - inward and upward curled hair into infected nodule - shaven areas
inflammation to papule of pustule at mouth of hair follicle, chronic - permanent boldness (alopecia)
moist heat intermittently for circulation, antibiotic cream
acne vulgaris
S&S
management
inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
blackheads, white heads, red spots, boil like lesions - nodules /cysts
teenage years and women in their 30s
proper skin care
topical meds
diet - esp chocolate, fried, hot/spicy
acne vulgaris theory
increase hormones at puberty - reacts by producing excess sebum
bacteria on skil alter these oils into producing substances that cause acne, hair follicle and site of acne may get plugged with dead skin cells
sebum and bacteria may accumulate and cause pimples
tinea of the scalp
from
management
tinea capitus
children
animals, barber clippers, hair brushes/combs
antiinflammatory topical meds
tinea of the body
tinea corporis - ring worm
fungus - lesion with clear center and rough, scaly, circular border that vary in size
contagious
causes of ringworm
treatment
infected pet or ind
clears up quickly with anti fungal meds twice a day
cont meds for a wk after they are clear - may be fungus under the skin
treat pets also
tinea ungulum
fungal infection of nails
tinea of the groin
tinea cruris - jock itch
brownish/reddish lesion resembling outline of butterfly
fungal and like warm moist places - friction, poor hygiene, prolonged moist skin, minor skin/nail injury
symptom of tinea cruris
treatment
mild to mod itching, secondary complications of bacterial infection
self care - clean and dry skin and avoid chafing, topical anti fungal cream with miconazole or clotrimazole
severe - health care professional - oral meds or stronger meds of ketoconazole or terbinafine
secondary - antibiotics
tinea pedis
athletes foot
microscopic fungi and grow like small plants
from soil, animal, or human
bw 4th and 5th toe
barefoot all the time doesnt happen - no dark and warm and moist
may be predisposed
S&S of tinea pedis
management
extreme itching on soles and between toes, rash with small pimples or minute blisters
good hygiene
keep feet dry, clean white socks, sandals in locker room
plantar wart
human papilloma virus that invades the outer layer of skin then epidermis - then some cells grow faster than normal - herpes like
S&S of plantar wart
callus - think with layers of dead skin overlying the wart - NWB plantar areas
raised bumps of 1-3mm and grow larger, clearly defined borders sometimes darker
painful but do not itch
can be transmitted by exposure of skin - public shower
management
take down with scapel and freeze when you see black/red dots
difficult to treat - high reoccurence and maybe additional treatment - OTC meds and freezing with liquid nitrogen
allergic contact dermatitis
any irritant to your body
S&S of allergic contact dermatitis
management
redness, itching, swelling - secondary infection from itching
avoid irritant and cold tap water
