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Apologetics > Final Second Semester > Flashcards

Final Second Semester Flashcards

1
Q

Teleological argument

A

If there is a design to the world there must be a designer

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2
Q

Chance

A

A random, unintentional process

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3
Q

Infinite regress

A

The idea that there is no starting and beginning point

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4
Q

Forensic science

A

Process of discovering what caused an event or series of effects

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5
Q

Cosmological argument

A

If there is a finite world, then there must be an infinite creator

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6
Q

Necessary conditions

A

A prerequisite that must be obtained before the possibility of an event can occur

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7
Q

Principle of causality

A

For every effect there must be a cause

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8
Q

Moral argument

A

If there is an objective, absolute law in the world, there must be a lawgiver

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9
Q

What is infinite regress?

A

Moving backward in time forever

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10
Q

Teleology is

A

An argument from design

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11
Q

Cosmology is

A

An argument from the universe (space and time)

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12
Q

The moral argument is

A

An argument from the nature of good

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13
Q

What argument deals with infinite regress

A

A cosmological argument

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14
Q

Which argument deals with irreducible complexity?

A

The teleological argument

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15
Q

Which argument states that something infinite must have caused all things?

A

The cosmological argument

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16
Q

Which argument challenges evolution’s explanation of the beginning of life?

A

A cosmological argument

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17
Q

Which argument asserts that God is good?

A

The moral argument

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18
Q

Which argument states that God must be infinite?

A

The cosmological argument

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19
Q

Which argument maintains god is He whom none greater can be conceived?

A

The ontological argument

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20
Q

Which calls God the lawgiver?

A

The moral argument

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21
Q

Which argument calls the world complex?

A

The teleological argument

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22
Q

Which argument is an apriori argument?

A

The ontological argument

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23
Q

Omnipresent

A

Always everywhere

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24
Q

Omniscient

A

All knowing

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25
Q

Omnipotent

A

All powerful

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26
Q

Omnibenevolent

A

All good

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27
Q

Transcendent

A

Outside space and time

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28
Q

Immanent

A

Near

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29
Q

God is to blame for evil in the world

A

False

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30
Q

Privation is

A

The definition of evil

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31
Q

Freewill demands

A

The choice of evil

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32
Q

What is st Thomas aquinas concept of evil?

A

Evil is the lack of something which an entity ought to possess from its origin

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33
Q

How does the moral argument relate foundational,y to the problem of evil?

A

Without moral law and a lawgiver, evil would not be discernible in the world

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34
Q

How is privation defined?

A

The negation of a substance

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35
Q

Of the five points that geisler mentions regarding aquinas and Augustine, which one does Hardy say lies at the heart of a discussion of evil?

A

God gave some of his creatures the power of free choice

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36
Q

Who wrote the letters to emperor Trajan?

A

Pliny the younger

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37
Q

Who wrote the lives of the caesars?

A

Suetonius

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38
Q

Who wrote the annals?

A

Tacitus

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39
Q

Who wrote the antiquities of the Jews?

A

Josephus

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40
Q

Who wrote Jesus: a historian’s review of the gospels

A

Michael grant

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41
Q

Whose name is recorded in Luke 3:1?

A

Tiberius Caesar Augustus

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42
Q

Who is a Jewish historian?

A

Josephus

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43
Q

The roman governor of bythynia (modern turkey)

A

Pliny the younger

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44
Q

A roman historian who lived from AD69-AD140

A

Suetonius

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45
Q

A roman administrator that wrote on roman history on the time of Christ

A

Tacitus

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46
Q

A roman emperor during the time of Christ

A

Tiberius Caesar Augustus

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47
Q

At this time there was a wise man named Jesus. His conduct was good and he was known to be vitreous… Pilate condemned him to be crucified and to die… they (his disciples) reported that he appeared to them three days after his crucifixion and that he was alive; accordingly he was perhaps the messiah, concerning who, the prophets have recounted wonders

A

The antiquities of the Jews

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48
Q

Bristol, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our pure pro-creators, Pontus Pilate

A

The annals

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49
Q

As the Jews were making constant disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus, he (Claudius) expelled them from Rome

A

The lives of the caesars

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50
Q

They hanged Yeshu (Jesus) on the sabbath day of the passover. But for 40 days before that a herald sin in front of him (crying). Issue is to be stoned because he practiced sorcery and seduced Israel and led them away from God.

A

The Talmud

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51
Q

We can no more reject Jesus’ existence that we can reject the existence of a mass of pagan personages whose reality as a historical figures us never questioned

A

Jesus: a historian’s review of the gospels

52
Q

Meanwhile, in the case of those who were denounced to be as Christians, I have observed the following procedure I interrogated these as to whether they were Christians… they were accustomed to meet on a fixed day before dawn and sung responsively a hymn to Christ as a God

A

Letters to the emperor trajan

53
Q

In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar

A

Luke 3:1

54
Q

What is the name of the German scholar, a former leader of the historical Jesus movement?

A

Rudolph Bultmann

55
Q

What is the name of the mythology campaign that seeks to determine what sayings of Jesus are legitimate?

A

Jesus seminar

56
Q

Of the 1500 statements made by Jesus, what percentage did they declare was not stated by Jesus at all?

A

82%

57
Q

What is notable about the number of manuscripts found of the New Testament text?

A
  • the New Testament is preserved in 5685 manuscript portions

- the Bible prevails over all other books in antiquity

58
Q

What is notable about the time span of the New Testament manuscripts?

A

The earliest New Testament manuscript is closer to the original document than any other piece of ancient literature

59
Q

What is notable about the consistency of the manuscripts?

A

They are confirmed by other secular documents

60
Q

What percentage of the New Testament do we have and how sure are we about it?

A

We have 100% of the New Testament and 99.5% is accurate

61
Q

Why are details so important?

A

It shows that the accounts were based on eye witnesses

62
Q

Why are digits important?

A

It is impossible for nine men to write 27 books that are similar without eye witnesses

63
Q

Hardy states that all of the New Testament except John and revelation was written before what time?

A

AD 70

64
Q

Handwritten copy of an original work

A

Manuscript

65
Q

An original work

A

Autographs

66
Q

A bone box

A

Ossuary

67
Q

Without error

A

Inerrancy

68
Q

An incident where manuscripts were copied incorrectly

A

Variant

69
Q

What is tritheism compared to?

A

Polytheism

70
Q

Some people believe the doctrine of the trinity was created by whom?

A

The council of Constantinople

The council of nicea

71
Q

Arius of Alexandria (Arianism) believed that the incarnation of Jesus (if He is God) would cause what unacceptable situation?

A

God could not be immutable (changeless)

72
Q

Who was the key figure refuting arius at the council of nicea?

A

Athansius

73
Q

The tritheist’s view of trinity states

A

Father God, Son Jesus, and Holy Spirit are three Gods

74
Q

The modalism view of trinity states:

A

God is one person, yet appears in three forms

75
Q

The orthodox view of trinity states:

A

God reveals himself in three persons, yet is one God

76
Q

The tritheism view of trinity relates God as:

A

1+1+1=3

77
Q

The modalism view of trinity relates God as

A

1=1=1

78
Q

How does Lewis use geometry to explain the trinity?

A

The trinity is a 3 dimensional cube composed of a number of squares

79
Q

The argument that God is “outside” of time helps in understanding what aspect of the trinity?

A

How God the Father and the Son can exist in two different places at the same time

80
Q

At once complete in manhood, truly God and truly man… one substance recognized in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division

A

Chalcedonian creed

81
Q

We are forbidden to say there are three Gods

A

Athanasian creed

82
Q

God’s only Son, our Lord

A

Apostles creed

83
Q

True God from true God, begotten, not made, one being with the Father

A

Nicene creed

84
Q

This creed was established in AD 451

A

Chalcedonian creed

85
Q

This creed was established in AD 325

A

Nicene creed

86
Q

This creed was established in AD 400

A

Athanasian creed

87
Q

According to Hardy, who is a proponent of ethical relativism?

A

Jena Paul Sartre

88
Q

Who is a proponent of absolutism?

A

Augustine

89
Q

What is conflicting absolutism?

A

Choosing the lesser of two evils

90
Q

What is graded absolutism?

A

Choosing the greater of two goods

91
Q

Utilitarianiasm

A

Pragmatic theory of truth

92
Q

Ethical relativism

A

Subjective theory of truth

93
Q

Conventionalism

A

Coherence theory of truth

94
Q

According to Lund, values are contingent upon what?

A

A conscious being with feelings, concerns, and purposes

95
Q

In addition to the contingency which makes possible values, which is requires for there to be moral or immoral behavior?

A

A second person who can appreciate another person’s values

96
Q

Utilitarianism is what kind of theory?

A

A consequentialist theory

97
Q

What is the most glaring weakness of utilitarianism?

A

The rights of the minority’s can be ignored for the benefit of the majority

98
Q

According to Schaefer, what is the problem with being finite?

A

You do not have a sufficient point of integration within yourself

99
Q

What is stace’s view of the anthropological science in support of morality among various societies?

A

It has a psychological effect

It adds nothing to the argument for ethical relativism

100
Q

According to maciver (like Browne) morality must be situated where?

A

In the individuals own values

101
Q

According to maciver, what is a glaring weakness of the golden rule?

A

It does not solve ethical problems but only offers an approach

102
Q

During the medieval period, who is the subject of art

A

God

103
Q

During the medieval period, who is the object of art?

A

People

104
Q

The city of Athens represents

A

Philosophy

105
Q

The city of Jerusalem represents

A

Christian religion

106
Q

The world secular means

A

The present age

Divorced from spiritual sensitivity

107
Q

Privatization

A

When a chasm is created between public and private spheres of life

108
Q

Pluralization

A

When individuals are confronted with a staggering number of ideologies

109
Q

Christianity today is disqualified because it argues for

A

Universal truth

110
Q

Right and wrong is dictate by particular cultures and situations

A

Moral relativism

111
Q

Becoming independent from all authorities

A

Autonomous individualism

112
Q

Placing personal pleasure as the first concern in one’s life

A

Narcissistic hedonism

113
Q

All that exists in the physical world

A

Reductive naturalism

114
Q

Who said God is dead and we have killed him?

A

Nietzche

115
Q

What is the trinity of enlightenment ?

A

Reason
Nature
Progress

116
Q

What is described as the matrix?

A

Media

117
Q

Premodernism is “there’s balls and strikes and “

A

I call them the way they are

118
Q

Modernism is “there’s balls and strikes and”

A

They ain’t nothing until I call them

119
Q

The medieval period began

A

At the fall of Rome

120
Q

The picture of the duck/rabbit demonstrates

A

There are many interpretations of the same facts

121
Q

What are characteristics of post modernism?

A

There is no meta narrative
A privilege of hierarchy
A stance of radical suspicion

122
Q

What are two significant features or people of the dark ages?

A

The writings of Augustine and aquinas

The monastic movement

123
Q

What are two propositions of the enlightenment?

A

The present age is more enlightened than the past

Nature and humanity are best understood through the use of our natural facilities.

124
Q

Subjective truth

A

I call them the way I see them

125
Q

No stable reality

A

They ain’t nothing until I call them

126
Q

Objective truth

A

I call them the way they are

Apologetics (16 decks)

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