Final Review Questions Flashcards
What effects has climate change had on the land
Rainfall
Droughts
Temperature
Storms
Wildfires
What impact has climate change had on the oceans
Rising sea levels
Ocean acidification
Death of coral reefs
Warmer temperatures- melt sea ice, mess with delicate ecosystems- animal deaths
How have zoos changed over time
More conservation focused
More focus on public education
More naturalistic enclosures, prioritizing animal welfare
Less wild capture
Less private owned to more public
What was the first species of animal bred in a US zoo and released into the wild
American bison
What does AZA stand for and what does it do
Association of Zoos and Aquariums
Prioritizes collaboration of accredited zoos to improve animal welfare
Creates species survival plans
Higher standards of accreditation than those of USDA
SAFE, reproductive managment groups, etc
Website: the advancement of zoos and aquariums in the areas of conservation, education, science, and recreation
What is a studbook
Record of a specific animal species- allows other zoos to keep track of pedigree of a particular species (breeding/ancestors)
What does SSP stand for and what does it do
Species Survival Plan. A plan that takes specific species and breeds them to keep the species going. Not only for endangered species. Will not take animals from the wild as much as possible so often breeds inbetween zoos to try to build up a sustainable population
What is population management and why do we do it
Monitoring population numbers and trying to keep them stable with proper genetic diversity. Preserve genetic diversity. Keep as many of the genes in the current population going forward. We do it to preserve species
What is inbreeding
breeding close relatives
What is mean kinship
Individual animals’ relatedness to the rest of the population. How much you are related to everybody else. Maximizes diversity, case method of managing inbreeding
What are some considerations that we as consumers should take into account when buying stuff
What materials are they made from, how are they made, sustainable land use, organic or not, packaging, recyclable, reusable, transportation of the product…
Why should we recycle cellphones
Coltan mining causes habitat loss
Whats the deal with coffee
Better to shop for shade grown coffee because more sustainably grown and interspersed into a rainforest strategically instead of deforesting to make room for sun grown coffee. Having sustainable coffee helps migratory birds
Where is most coffee grown
Central/South America, Ethiopia, Sumatra, tropical environment
What kinds of birds are in same area as where coffee is grown
migratory bird
Why would migratory birds move to a colder area
Better food, resources, nesting
What is good and what is bad about palm oil
Bad- Causes deforestation/habitat fragmentation
Good- extremely high yield oil for the plant and creates jobs. Less often hydrogenated= less fats
What kinds of species are heavily impacted by palm oil cultivation
Great apes, chimpanzees, orangutans
What defines an introduced species
A species that was brought into an area where it didn’t naturally evolve from
What defines an invasive species
One that competes with the native animals and can be detrimental to the area. Usually not intentionally introduced. Could be stowaways on ships/other transportation. Lack of natural predators, diseases. Can be intentional
What are some invasive species in Hawaii
Chickens, wild pigs, fallow deer, cats, mongoose- brought in for sugar cane fields to eat rats but were nocturnal so did not eat them. birds, mosquitos- a problem because bring in disease. Malaria. Avian
What are some introduced species that turned out not to be harmful
Red crowned parrot- did not compete with native species because eat different things, nest different places, etc. And honeybees- European species initially. Now hybridized with African honeybee. Not an issue because they are pollinators
What is the biggest conservation issue for native songbirds in Asia
One of the largest animal trades there. Taking them from wild and selling them in markets, bad environment, dying. Social status of owning a bird- high demand
How does Indonesia compare to the UK population and landwise
More people less land. Indonesia is a biodiversity hotspot- more species than UK. Dense population and dense wildlife population
What is the most trafficked animal
Pangolin
What are some of the reasons why rehabilitating a Borneo animal and releasing it on Sumatra could be a problem?
Certain species release has to be on native island- wrong island can cause more damage. Possible habituation to humans. Some deemed unreleasable due to injuries. Government, bribing, etc. Territorial tendencies. Sub species- do not mix sub species- hybrids
What is bushmeat
Diseases come from people eating varieties of animals from the wild. Zoonotic. Tropical regions/ Africa/ South America/ Asia. Ebola came from bats-bushmeat in Africa. Nigeria- more common in poorer communities because people need sustenance, and can sell bushmeat for money. Also tied to mining and logging. Inexpensive food source for workers. Miner market for exotic meats
What is canned hunting
Breeding of non-domestic animals in different enclosure sizes where they are killed off. (contained hunting). Africa- lions. US- ungulates, deer, antelopes, pigs
Is hunting ever good for a species
Yes. Hunting excess populations keep them from stripping resources. Sponsored trophy hunting raises money that goes into conservation. Hunting can be good for CA condors as long as we use non toxic ammunition. Provides food for scavengers. Hunting that is regulated- helps to keep people from overhunting and keeping populations in check. Hunting of harmful invasive species- such as wild boar.
What is the biggest threat to our local mountain lions
Habitat loss/fragmentation
3 methods of restoring extinct species and which is the only one that would include the whole original species genome
Selective breeding
Cloning
Synthesis via genome testing
Cloning because literally taking entire genome from existing cell and putting that into an embryo of another species in order to create that animal
