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MO8 Applied Wildlife Conservation > Final Prep last modules > Flashcards

Final Prep last modules Flashcards

1
Q

What is the closest living relative to Wooly rhinos

A

Sumatran rhinos in Indonesia. Severely endangered- 20 left due to habitat fragmentation

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2
Q

What is the rhinoceros hornbill poached for

A

honeycomb-like casque

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3
Q

What is the pangolin poached for

A

scales for traditional medicine

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4
Q

What is the helmeted hornbill poached for

A

solid casque- hornbill ivory

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5
Q

Conservation efforts in indonesia

A

Rescue center in Cikananga. Confiscated pets/trade- rehabbed and released. -hornbills.
greater birds of paradise unable to be released
Javan trogan. Cassowary

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6
Q

Human-wildlife conflict in Indonesia

A

Sun bears- 2 species
Slow loris- only venemous primates. Teeth removed for pet trade.
Oranguatan
Breeding center holds critically endangered birds- theft, security, dogs cctv
Black-winged myna- two in the wild
Javan warty pig- issues with hybridization
Green magpie- successful breeding projects

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7
Q

reasons for introduced species to be intentional

A

food crops (mongoose), farm animals/livestock, fish and game, landscaping, pets, pest control

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8
Q

unintentional introduced species

A

stowaways on ships, escape, cargo and packages, and humans and other species

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9
Q

How can invasive species cause harm

A

cause economic and environmental harm because compete with, displace and prey upon native species. They also alter the habitat and introduce disease.

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10
Q

What are the two colored species of rat and where they are native to

A

brown (Norway( rat- native to siberia and china
black (roof) rat- native to India

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11
Q

4 species of mosquito and the diseases they carry

A

Aedes- Chikungunya, Dengue
Culiseta- Yellow fever and Zika virus
Anopheles- Malaria
Culex- Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Saint Louis Encephalitis, West Nile Virus

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12
Q

What is the costliest invasive species

A

mosquitos

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13
Q

Give 5 examples of an invasive species and the area it invaded

A

Burmese python- florida everglades
Zebra mussels- Great Lakes and elsewhere
Nutria- Chesapeake bay and Gulf Coast wetlands
Cane toad- Australia
Nile hippopotamus- Columbia

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14
Q

What species does USFWS have a recovery program for on San Clemente Island?

A

loggerhead shrike.

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15
Q

Recovery efforts for the Island Fox include

A

goat removal, habitat restoration, bald eagle recovery, golden eagle removal, captive breeding reintroduction, vaccination

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16
Q

Invasive species threats to Hawaiian birds and the mitigation of those threats

A

Predation, (rats, mongoose, cats)
Mitigation (trapping, poison bait)
Avian malaria (non-native mosquitos)
Mitigation (release sterile mosquitos, modify avian gut microbes)
Habitat destruction (goats and pigs)
Mitigation (fencing, planting, hunting)

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17
Q

Where does bushmeat commonly occur, why does it happen, problems with it, species it includes and what can be done to help

A

Where: tropical forest areas of Africa, Southern Asia, South America
Why: protein source for poor communities, miners and loggers, exotic meats for the wealthy
Includes: antelope, bats, wild pigs, rodents, primates, pangolin, snakes, etc
Problems: significant wildlife decrease, exposure to disease
Help: Empower communities to raise chickens, small livestock, farmed fish

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18
Q

Where is canned hunting regulated and what species are involved

A

South Africa- African lions/other big cats
USA- native and non-native ungulates. Deer, antelope, pigs. no predators

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19
Q

What is commercial animal agriculture also known as factory farming and the concerns about it

A

primarily pigs, dairy cattle, chickens, turkey, fish
Concerns: environmental pollution (greenhouse emissions from pigs and cattle, contamination of soil and water). Humane standards (space and freedom to move)

20
Q

What is ecotourism, its benefits and potential disadvantages, and an example

A

1980s- sustainable development ethic
Tourism directed towards exotic, often threatened natural environments intended to support conservation efforts and observe wildlife
Benefits: benefits wildlife conservation, educational and involves and benefit locals, non-invasive, non-consumptive, sustainable
Potential issues: transportation footprint, food/beverage sourcing, waste reduction and disposal, distance, contact, and manipulation of wildlife
Example: Great Barrier Reef Australia- careless divers injure and damage corals
Costa Rica- tourist presence interferes with turtle egg laying

21
Q

Guidelines for whale and dolphin watching. Why is it important to have these guidelines

A

30 min or less
stay 100 m away
minimum 2 boats
never chase animals. Leave if agitated or aggressive
Speed below 5 knots within 400 m of animals
Important because manatees in Florida were injured from boat propeller strikes

22
Q

How is the National Park Service involved with mountain lions

A

trapping, transmitter collars, and monitoring

23
Q

Threats to mountain lions

A

human encroachment and habitat fragmentation
secondary poisoning- rodenticide- weakened immune system leads to mange
inbreeding- kinked tail, malformed sperm, testicular abnormality

24
Q

human/mountain lion conflict

A

24 mountain lions killed by vehicles since 2002
14 attacks on humans since 1986-2021

25
Q

What is selective breeding and how is it done

A

domestic species derived from wild species over countless generations
back crossing- reverse engineering, approximation

26
Q

What is cloning and how is it done

A

the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism.
Done with SCNT- Somatic cell nuclear transfer (Put the nucleus of a cell into another- an egg, which is placed in a surrogate animal)

27
Q

What animal species was saved with cloning

A

black-footed ferret

28
Q

What is synthesis via genome testing and what can it be used for

A

When an edited genome is inserted into a host egg through CRISPR and Cas9.
It can be used for bacterial defense against viruses and to insert key sequences of one species (extinct) into the genome of another species (living) to produce offspring

29
Q

Difference between gene synthesis and cloning

A

Gene synthesis is dif because they do not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences like cloning has to. Synthesis compares a dead animal’s genome to a living animals and tries to form a new genome “recipe” to recreate that dead animal, injecting it into a developing germ line of a close relative of that animal

30
Q

8 questions of the ethics of de-extinction

A

Why should a species be restored
Which species should be restored
What effort and expense is required
Who is responsible
How much divergence from species’ original genetic constitution is acceptable
Where will resulting individuals be managed
How will harm be prevented
Will this create complacency about extinction

31
Q

Reasons for decline of the painted dog

A

Habitat loss and fragmentation
Human conflict
Road accidents
Snares
Infectious diseases

32
Q

What do SAFE plans generally consist of

A

protecting threatened species
builds on established recovery plans and history of commitment
Prioritizes collaboration among AZA member institutions
Implements strategic conservation and stakeholder engagement activities
Measures and reports conservation progress

33
Q

IUCN status of painted dog

A

Endangered and decreasing

34
Q

All 7 species of sea turtles are considered CITES appendix 1 TRUE or FALSE

A

true

35
Q

7 species of sea turtle

A

Loggerhead
Green sea turtle
Leatherback sea turtle
Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle
Olive Ridley sea turtle
Flatback sea turtle
Hawksbill

36
Q

Threats to sea turtles

A

climate change
light pollution
ocean pollution
by-catch
illegal poaching

37
Q

The SAFE plan for sea turtles covers which 2 species

A

Kemp’s Ridley and Eastern Pacific Leatherback

38
Q

What can you do to help sea turtles

A

Raise awareness
Buy reusable items
Become a responsible seafood consumer
Beach clean ups

39
Q

SAFE specializes in (4 things)

A

Recovery
Protection
Collaboration
Data

40
Q

What are 2 differences and 2 similarities between sharks and rays

A

Diff: Rays use their pectoral fins to flap up and down to move through the water. Sharks swim by moving their tail side to side. Rays are adapted to feed off the ocean floor. Sharks eat fish and other animals and have rows of teeth that are constantly replaced
Sim: Order chondrichthyes- endoskeleton made of cartilage, Subclass elasmobranch- do not have swim bladder, instead enlarged liver filled with oil helps keep them afloat

41
Q

Threats to the sand tiger shark and what has been done to preserve them

A

By-catch- also even if released, swallows prey whole and dies from fish hook
Slow rate of growth, late age of maturity, low fecundity
Prohibition of capture/trade in some countries

42
Q

Most threatened family of elasmobranchs

A

Sawtooth family

43
Q

3 subspecies of Asian elephant

A

Sumatran- smallest
Sri Lanken- largest
Indian- smaller ears

44
Q

Threats to Asian elephant

A

poaching, illegal capture and trade, habitat loss/fragmentation

45
Q

How SAFE is helping the Asian elephant

A

Teaching communities about coexisting
Habitat protection
Preventing capture and killing
Monitoring wild populations

MO8 Applied Wildlife Conservation (9 decks)

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