FINAL REVIEW Flashcards
What is the occupational death rate in livestock careers?
21 workers per 100,000
How many disabling accidents are noted per year in livestock careers?
110,000
How should you approach a horse?
45 degree angle at the shoulder
When tying a horse how long should the rope be?
2 feet
What is one mild form of horse restraint used to discourage a horse from moving around or kicking?
Elevate one leg
When is tail restraint in horses contraindicated?
Adult horses
What type of shavings should not be used in horses?
Pine and black walnut
Who pays for the prepurchase exam for a horse?
The buyer
What type of estrous cycle do horses have?
Seasonally polyestrus (long day breeders)
What is the duration of estrus for horses?
2-12 days (5-7 average)
How often do horses come into estrus?
15-26 days
What is the time of ovulation in horses?
Last 48 hours of estrus
What is the optimal breeding time in horses?
Every 24-48 hours while in heat
What is the most common cause of infertility in horses?
Uterine infection
What reasons are uterine infusions performed in horses?
Treatment of uterine infection
Routine flushing
Post-breeding
What are the milk teeth in horses?
Deciduous teeth
What is the term for retained deciduous teeth, stuck on top of erupting permanent teeth?
Caps
What is the term for the chewing surface of teeth in horses?
Occlusive tables
What is the term for the first premolar teeth?
Wolf teeth
At what age are all permanent teeth erupted in horses?
5 years old
What is the term for the angle between lower and upper incisors in horses?
Incisive arcade
What is the term for the indentation in the occlusive table?
Cups
What is absent in smooth mouthed horses?
Cups
How many teeth do horses have? (Male vs Female)
Male: 40-42
Female: 36-40
How many teeth does a young horse have?
24 deciduous teeth
Central incisors in horses erupt at what age?
1 month
Lateral incisors erupt at what age in horses?
3 months
Corner incisors erupt at what age in horses?
9 months
A horse at 5 years old has occlusive tables of what shape?
Flattened
At what age are horses occlusive tables oval shaped?
9 years old
At what age are horses occlusive tables round shaped?
15 years old
At what age are horses occlusive tables triangle shaped?
20 years old
If horses are young what what is the angle of their incisors?
Perpendicular
If horses are older what is the angle of their incisors?
Parallel
At what age do canine teeth erupts in horses?
4 years old
Where are wolf teeth usually present in horses?
Maxillary jaw
What position are horses placed for necropsy?
Left lateral
Creeping paralysis is a clinical sign of what disease in horses?
Botulism
Fusobacterium necrophorum (Bacteroides spp) is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Canker
Odor or friable, white cottage cheese frog are clinical signs of what disease in horses?
Canker
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Lyme Disease
What is used to diagnose lyme disease in horses?
ELISA or IFA
What are the treatment options for lyme disease in horses?
IV tetracycline
Oral doxycycline
Neorickettsia risticci is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Potomac Horse Fever
How is Potomac Horse Fever diagnosed?
Culture and PCR
What is the treatment for Potomac Horse Fever?
Oxytetracycline and supportive therapy
Dermatophilus congolensis is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Rain rot
Streptococcus equi is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Strangles
Sawhorse appearance, recumbent and dyspnea are all clinical signs of what disease in horses?
Tetanus
Fusobacterium necrophorum is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Thrush
Sarcocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi is the causitive agent for what disease in horses?
EPM
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
Muscle atrophy and cranial nerve abnormalities are clinical signs of what disease in horses?
EPM
Babesia equi or Babesia cabelli is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Piroplasmosis
Small round lesions covered with scales are clinical signs of what disease in horses?
Dermatophytosis
Cheesy material and air pockets that pack with debris, laminitis, lameness, and black foul smelling material are clinical signs of what disease in horses?
White Line Disease
Equine alphaviruses are the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Encephalomyelitis
Flu-like symptoms, abortion and pneumonia are the clinical signs of what disease in horses?
Equine Arteritis
Retroviridae family are the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Equine Infectious Anemia
Reportable disease in horses?
Equine Infectious Anemia
Orthomyxoviridae family is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Equine Influenza
Equine herpes virus 1 and 4 are the causitive agents of what disease in horses?
Rhinoneumonitis
Rhabdoviridae family is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Vesicular Stomatitis
Flaviviridae family are the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
West Nile Virus
Equus caballus is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Cutaneous Papillomas
Warts are a clinical sign of what disease in horses?
Cutaneous Papillomas
Flexing at the poll and depression are clinical signs of what disease in horses?
Choke
Exposure to air pollutants is the causitive agent for what disease in horses?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Hyperadrenocorticism and cortisol excess is the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Cushing Disease
What is the treatment for Cushing disease in horses?
Cyproheptadine or pergolide mesylate
Cramping, fatigue, and muscle pain in horses; most often associated with exercise are the clinical signs of what disease in horses?
Exertional Myopathies
Low T3 and T4 levels are the causitive agents of what disease in horses?
Hypothyroidism
Broken rings in the trachea and paralysis of the muscles that control vocal cord tension are the causitive agent of what disease in horses?
Roaring
Compression of the spinal cord in the neck region and incoordination are signs of what disease in horses?
Wobbler Syndrome
When are Fall lambs born?
Before December 25th
When are Fall lambs marketed?
Early spring to June
What lambs are also known as Easter lambs?
Fall lambs
At what age are Fall lambs considered Hothouse Lambs?
50-90 days
When are early spring lambs born?
January or February
When are early spring lambs marketed?
Before the end of June
When are late spring lambs born?
March, April, May
What lambs are often worth less?
Late Spring Lambs
What is accelerated lambing?
3 lamb crops in 2 years, bred out of season
In what breed of sheep are triplets common?
Finnish Sheep
What breed of sheep are used for crossbreeding?
Lincolns
What goats are also known as scrub goats, brush goats, and meat goats?
Spanish goats
What is the preferred color for pygmy goats?
White
What pygmy goats can not be registered?
Polled
What breed of goats is known as the “Queen of the Dairy Goats”?
Saanen