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Construction Tech > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the carbon content of mild steel?

A

Less then. 0 3%

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2
Q

What is steel with the carbon content of less than .03% called

A

Mild steel

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3
Q

What is the difference between cast-iron and wrought iron?

A

Cast-iron uses molds
Wrought iron is hammer to impart strength

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4
Q

What distinguishes iron from steel

A

Carbon content

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5
Q

What is molten iron poured into a mold and allowed to harden

A

Cast iron

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6
Q

What has a higher carbon content wrought iron or cast-iron?

A

Cast iron

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7
Q

What is a low carbon iron alloy that is semi-fused with slagging inclusions giving it a grain like wood

A

Wrought iron

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8
Q

What is iron that has been purified by being repeatedly struck with a hammer?

A

Wrought iron

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9
Q

What is a mini mill?

A

A process of steel making in which structural steel is produced from scrap steel in electric furnaces. These are miniature only in comparison to traditional mills and produce most structuralist steel for frames of buildings

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10
Q

What is the general process of steelmaking?

A
  1. Molten iron is produced in a blast furnace
  2. oxygen is introduced, blurting out impurities, changing molten iron to molten steel. Any admixtures are added
  3. molten steel is cast into molds in preparation for the ruling mill process
  4. the structural steel shape is made by passing the Bloom’s or slab through heavy rulers a number of times
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11
Q
A

bessemer method

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12
Q
A

bessemer method of steelmaking

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13
Q
A

Open hearth process of steelmaking

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14
Q
A

Blast furnace
(used for basic oxygen process)

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15
Q

What is the steelmaking process wherein a water cooled Lance is lowered into a container of molten iron and steel scrap, delivering pure oxygen at very high temperature to burn off carbon and other impurities?

A

Basic oxygen process

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16
Q
A

Basic oxygen process

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17
Q
A

Basic oxygen process

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18
Q

What is the steelmaking method used to produce most of steel for buildings and many mills wherein the multi-discharged or tapped by electric current to separate carbon and impurities?

A

Electric arc furnace method

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19
Q
A

Electric arc furnace method of steelmaking

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20
Q
A

Electric arc furnace method of steelmaking

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21
Q
A

Top — mini mill
bottom — blast furnace and electric arc method

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22
Q

What is the difference between ingot, bloom, and slab?

A
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23
Q

What is the name for people who build steel buildings?

A

Ironworkers

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24
Q

Where are steel shapes made with rollers?

A

Structural mill

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25
Q

What happens in a structural mill

A

Steel shapes are produced by passing hot blooms the rulers. The continual shapes are cut to length by hot saw, then sent to the cooling bed. They take a final pass through the ruler straightener before final inspection

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26
Q
A

Steel billets

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27
Q

All structural forces are transmitted through either — or — connections and steel frame construction

A

Moment or sheer

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28
Q

What type of steelmaking uses a blast furnace?

A

Basic oxygen process

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29
Q

What is the purpose of the framing plan?

A

The framing plan calls out the sizes of all the framing members according to designations in the steel handbook

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30
Q

What calls out member designations from the steel handbook?
Example. W 12 X 50

A

The framing plan
this example, 12 is the depth of the member, 58 is its weight in pounds per linear foot

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31
Q

Who erects steel frames on site?

A

Raising gang

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32
Q

What’s the purpose of the raising gang?

A

To erect steel frames on-site

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33
Q

Who is responsible for producing every framing member?

A

The fabricator

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34
Q

What are the two floors of the frame that are erected at the time in the steel erection process called?

A

Tiers

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35
Q

What is a heavy steel tool that allows workers to align members for bolting?

A

Drift pin

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36
Q

What is a drift pin?

A

Heavy, long tools that have a sharp points that they may pass through the bolt holes of two members to bring them together for bolting

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37
Q

What is a Topping out ceremony

A

Wasting the top final steel member, usually a beam with a flag or small tree

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38
Q

flange versus Webb

A
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39
Q

Moment and share connection

A
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40
Q

How does riveting work?

A

While hot, rivets are inserted in the holes in the steel member to be joined
a heavy handheld hammer works the end of the rivet until a new head is formed
rivet shrinks as a cools during steel elements together to

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41
Q

Welding joins 2 elements of steel as a — joint

A

Monolithic

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42
Q
A

Rivet

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43
Q
A

Rivet

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44
Q
A

Rivet

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45
Q
A

Bolt

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46
Q
A

Weld

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47
Q
A

Left – butt weld
right — fillet weld

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48
Q

What is a tension control bolt

A

Bolt that controls the amount of training by use of a wrench the brakes off the end of the bolt

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49
Q

What is able to control the amount of tension by use of a wrench that breaks off the end of the bolt

A

Tension control bolt

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50
Q

What type of welding uses a continuously feeding wire and which uses long welding rugs that you slowly feed into a puddle?

A

Continuous feeding wire — MIG metal inert gas
Long welding rods — TIG tungsten inert gas

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51
Q

How does MIG metal inert Glatt gas welding work?

A

Uses a continuously feeding wire and electric arc to make the weld

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52
Q

How does TIG tungsten inert gas welding work?

A

You use long welding rods and slowly feed them into the weld puddle along with an electric arc to make the world

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53
Q
A

Shop drawing

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54
Q

Who makes the shop drawing?

A

Steel fabricator

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55
Q

What are the three basic stabilizing types used for Combat lateral forces in the steel frame?

A

Diagonal bracing, sheer panels, moment connections

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56
Q

What are the three types of steel frame construction?

A

Type I rigid frame — assumes that beamto-column connections are sufficiently rigid asto remain unchanged geometrically under loading. Moment connections
type II simple frame assumes shear connections only and requires diagonal bracing or shear wall bracing
type III semirigid frame

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57
Q

What type of steel framing has moment connections?

A

Type I rigid frame

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58
Q

What type of steel frame has sheer connections?

A

Simple friend

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59
Q

What type of steel framing is this

A

Simple connection

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60
Q

What type of connections this

A

Shear ONLY

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61
Q

What kind of steel frame is this?

A

Rigid connection

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62
Q

What type of connection is this

A

Moment connection

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63
Q

Which structural shape is this

A

W section, the workhorse of steel frame construction

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64
Q

Review moment and share diagrams see if important

A
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65
Q

Review steel joists open web

A
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66
Q

Fireproofing of steel construction options

A
  1. Encasement inconcrete
  2. enclosure in plaster/lath or gypsum wallboard
  3. spray on fireproofing
  4. slab fireproofing (mineral wool) attachment
  5. intumescent paints
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67
Q

What is historically the artisan glassmaking capital of the world

A

Murano of Italy

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68
Q

What are the raw materials of glass?

A

Sand, soda ash, line, alumina, potassium oxide

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69
Q

What kind of glasses made by spinning an iron punty

A

Crown glass

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70
Q

How is crown glass made?

A

Spin an iron punty causing the semi-molten glass to expand and become thin enough to cut. The disc of glass is called a crown the distinguishing feature is the mark of the punty at the center of the pane

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71
Q

What is the name of the stick crown glass is spun around?

A

Punty iron

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72
Q

What kind of glasses made by swinging the punty back and forth to elongate the glass globe?

A

Cylinder glass

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73
Q

How cylinder glass made?

A

Made by swinging the punty back and forth to elongate the glass bulb. This created longer pieces of glass, possible the crown process

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74
Q
A

Crown glass

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75
Q
A

Cylinder glass

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76
Q
A

Cylinder glass

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77
Q
A

Crown glass

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78
Q

Plateglass

A
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79
Q

What is the name for a sheet of glass floated over a bath of liquid metal wherein heating is carefully controlled creating better surface quality and structural performance

A

Float glass

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80
Q

How is float glass produced?

A

A continuous sheet of glass is floated over a bath of liquid metal. Heating is carefully controlled creating better service quality and structural performance (hardness)

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81
Q

Who invented float glass?

A

The Pilkington brothers in England in the 1950s

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82
Q
A

Float glass

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83
Q

What are the Pilkington brothers accredited with creating?

A

Float glass process

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84
Q
A

Float glass

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85
Q
A

Float glass

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86
Q

What are the three types of glass for shattering?

A

Annealed glass, tempered glass, laminated glass

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87
Q

What kind of glass breaks easily producing long sharp splinters?

A

Annealed glass

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88
Q

How does annealed glass break?

A

Breaks easily producing while sharp splinters

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89
Q

What kind of glass shatters completely under higher levels of impact energy and few pieces remain in the frame?

A

Tempered glass

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90
Q

How does tempered glass break?

A

Shatters completely under higher levels of impact energy and few pieces remain in frame

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91
Q

What kind of glass cracks under pressure tends to remain an integral adhering to the plastic vinyl underlayer

A

Laminated glass

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92
Q

How does laminated glass break

A

May crack under pressure tends to remain integral hearing to the plastic vinyl underlayer

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93
Q
A

Annealed glass

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94
Q
A

Tempered glass

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95
Q
A

Laminated glass

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96
Q
A

Structural glass with pilkington system

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97
Q
A

Pilkington system

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98
Q
A

Glass fins and Pilkington system

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99
Q

What kind of glass is on car windshields?

A

Laminated glass or safety glass

100
Q
A

Tempered glass

101
Q
A

Laminated glass or safety glass

102
Q
A

Electrochromic glass or active or smart glazing

103
Q

What are the typical elements of glazing used in buildings providing energy performance and durability over time?

A

IGU insulating glass unit

104
Q
A

IGU

105
Q

What are the two methods of applying low E coatings to float glass?

A

Sputtering process or soft coating physical vapor deposition — off-line process, done in a vacuum chamber, cannot be tempered in some cases, more delicate services, better optical quality, more expensive
hydrolytic process or hard coating chemical vapor deposition – online process, quick and easy, coding becomes integrated with class rather than on surface, cost-effective

106
Q

Which method of applying low E coding is done off-line?

A

Sputtering process or soft coding physical vapor deposition

107
Q

Which method of applying low E coating to float glass is done on the line

A

Hydrolytic process or hard coating chemical vapor deposition

108
Q

Who designed the Crystal Palace?

A

Sir Joseph Paxton

109
Q

What did Sir Joseph Paxton create?

A

Crystal Palace

110
Q

What is the name for a person who installs glass?

A

glazier

111
Q

What is a glazier?

A

A person who installs glass

112
Q

What is the name for glass paint tempering to create patterns on float glass?

A

Frittering

113
Q
A

fritted glass

114
Q

What is printed glass?

A

Patterned float glass by glass paint and tempering

115
Q

What is the name of the long kiln in which glass is slowly cooled during the float glass process?

A

annealing lehr

116
Q

What is spandrel glass?

A

Glass it is opaque necessity these panels are located at the edges of floors and curtain wall construction
designed to be opaque in order to help hide features between the floors of a building, including vents, wires, slab ends and mechanical equipment.

117
Q

What is the name for glass that is opaque or translucent by necessity panels that are located at the edges of floors and curtain wall construction

A

Spandrel glass

118
Q
A

Left – outside glazed
right – inside glazed

119
Q

Are very tall buildings usually inside or outside glazed?

A

Inside

120
Q
A

Stick curtain wall system

121
Q

What are the gray shaded panels

A

This is an off-the-shelf outside glazed system and the light gray panels are spandrel panels

122
Q
A

Stick system curtain wall

123
Q

What system of curtainwall involves assembling the metal components on-site for parish and first installing the infilling glass lights and spandrel panels?

A

Stick system

124
Q

How does the stick system assembly of curtainwall work?

A

Assembling the metal components on site in preparation for installing the infilling glass lights and spandrel panels

125
Q

What system of curtain wall deploys factory made units that are anchored to the building structure and to one another?

A

The unit system

126
Q

How does the unit system of curtainwall work?

A

Deploys factory made units are anchored to the building structure and one another

127
Q
A

Unit system of curtainwall

128
Q

What is the difference between a curtain and the window wall?

A

Window walls are built one for the time it is supported by the slabs above and below them in other words window walls are built in the slab edge in comparison curtain walls are structurally independent and don’t require support on every floor they tend to spend multiple stories are both outside slab edge

129
Q

What type of glass wall is built within the slab edge and one floor at a time?

A

Window walls

130
Q

What type of glass wall is structurally independent from the slab and doesn’t require support on every floor usually spanning multiple stories and built outside the slab edge?

A

Curtain walls

131
Q

What are the basic functional requirements of the building envelope?

A

Keep water out, be structurally sound, insulate for
thermal performance, insulate for sound, resist wind forces,
control sun exposure and provide views, provide natural
ventilation if necessary

132
Q

How are curtainwall supported structurally?

A

The structural mullions of the curtain wall must safely transfer the loads on the wall back to the building structure this is done by anchoring the mullions to the structural beam/slabs in each floor

133
Q

What is a curtainwall stack joint

A

the horizontal joint where units from adjoining floors meet

134
Q

What is a horizontal joint where the units from adjoining floors meeting in a units curtainwall system?

A

Stack joint

135
Q
A

Stack Joint

136
Q

What is a rain screen envelopes system

A

Rain screen is an exterior wall detailing concept where the siding (wall cladding) standsoff from the moisture resistant surface of an air barrier applied to the sheathing to create a capillary break to allow drainage and evaporation.
the screen design also creates a pressure equalization chamber behind the finished cladding

137
Q
A

Rain screen

138
Q
A

Rain screen

139
Q

What detail of the wall system is critical to ensure good energy performance in a panel rain screen system

A

Minimizing the number of anchors that penetrate the insulation layer

140
Q

What is a section of material with a low thermal conductivity installed between metal components to retard the passage of heat or cold through a window or wall assembly?

A

Thermal break

141
Q

What is a thermal break

A

A section of material with a low thermal conductivity installed between metal components to retard the passage of heat or cold through a window or wall assembly

142
Q
A

Thermal break

143
Q

What happened should the John Hancock buildings glass curtain wall?

A

Curtainwall failure due to adherence of lead solder to reflective coating and telegraphing of solder fatigue cracking into glass through strong bond of solder to reflective coating

144
Q

uHow are aluminum curtainwall millions made

A

A large cylindrical billet of aluminum is heated to a temperature at which the metal flows under pressure but still retains its shape when the pressure is released
the heated billet is placed in the cylinder of a large press where a piston squeezes it under great pressure through a die
the die is a steel plate with a shaped metal orifice that imparts the final profile to the aluminum extrusion
Shapes are produced in long lengths, like steel,
and then cut to specifications.

145
Q

The two types of roofs

A

Low slope and steep

146
Q

What is the minimum slope for a low slope roof

A

A roof with a slope less than 2: 12 or 17% is usually defined as low sleep

147
Q

What are the basic low slope roof components

A

Decking, insulation,moisture-retarding layer, membrane

148
Q

What are the components of a built-up roof system

A

Asphalt saturated felt or other fabric, bitumen or pitch
bitumen is a tarry mixture of hydrocarbons such as asphalt and coal tar

149
Q

What is the built-up roof

A

The roof membrane which is created by laminating multiple layers of asphalt saturated felt or other fabrics bonded together with the bitumen or pitch (tar)

150
Q

What size are asphalt shingle roofing tabs

A

12” x 36” a tap, each tab is slotted to appear as three smaller units

151
Q

How are asphalt shingle roofing installed

A

Nailed with roofing nails over vapor retarding layer of fabric building felt or modified bitumen sheet

152
Q
A

Asphalt shingle roofing

153
Q
A

Asphalt shingle roofing

154
Q
A

Built-up roofing

155
Q
A

Built-up roofing

156
Q
A

Built-up roofing

157
Q

What locations can the insulation layer be found in in roofing

A

Below or above the decking, and above or below the membrane

158
Q

What determines where insulation layer is located

A

based on separating inside and outside moisture and temperature conditions so as to avoid condensation building assembly.
Determined by climate rainfall traffic or no traffic designed for drainage

159
Q

What is the impervious sheet of material that keeps water out of the building can be multiple play or single ply

A

Roof membrane

160
Q

What should be added to a large deck to allow for expansion and contraction with thermal movement?

A

Movement joints or area divider joints

161
Q

What is the purpose of an area divided joint

A

To separate a large low slope roof area into sections to accommodate thermal movement

162
Q

What is a drainage system for flat roofs that can’t rely on sloping to naturally move water through gutter system?

A

Scupper

163
Q

What is a scupper

A

A discontinuation in the curbing roof to allow water to spill off the roof into it gutter and downspout

164
Q
A

Scupper

165
Q
A

Scupper

166
Q
A

Building separation joints

167
Q
A

Area divider joints

168
Q

What is the long straight board that runs along the lower edge of the roof

A

Fascia

169
Q

What is fascia

A

The long straight board that runs along the lower edge of the roof

170
Q

What is the top point of the roof called

A

Ridgeline

171
Q

What is a ridge line

A

Top point of the roof

172
Q

What is the place were two roof slopes meet

A

A roof Valley

173
Q
A

Valley

174
Q

What is a rich structure designed to divert water on a roof around the high edge of a large penetration typically a skylight or chimney

A

Cricket or saddle

175
Q

What is a cricket in roofing

A

A ridge structure designed to divert water on the roof around the high side of a large penetration (typically a skylight, equipment curb, or chimney)

176
Q
A

Cricket

177
Q
A
178
Q

What is a low wall at the end of the structure to keep people from falling off

A

Parapet

178
Q
A

Parapet

179
Q
A

Parapet

180
Q

What is the difference between a wood shake and shingle

A

Shingles are thin tapered slabs of sawn wood the green parallels in the face of the shingle, shakes are split from wood rather than sawn their surface is rougher and more textured than wood shingles

181
Q
A

Left shake
right shingle

182
Q

What is a standing seam roof made out of

A

Metal pans, cleats, rosin paper

183
Q
A

Standing seam roof

184
Q
A

Standing seam roof

185
Q

What is terne roof made of

A

Steel or stainless steel sheets that is coated with an alloy of lead or tin

186
Q
A

terne roof

187
Q
A

Traffic deck roof on a pedestal system

188
Q
A

Traffic deck roof

189
Q
A

Traffic deck roof pedestal system

190
Q
A

Active or smart glazing electrical chromic glass

191
Q
A

Low E coating process
pyrolytic process
on line
hard coating

192
Q

What type of curtainwall is this

A

Stick

193
Q

What type of curtainwall is this

A

Trick question! This is a window wall not a curtain wall

194
Q
A

Curtainwall

195
Q
A

Structural mullions of curtainwall

196
Q

What type of curtainwall is this

A

Unit

197
Q

What are the advantages of precast concrete

A

Control of the manufacturing process
lower cost due to repetitive parts
no on-site formwork to build
faster construction time and ease of assembly compared set casting punk
construction process similar to steel construction the connections are most often made with steel

198
Q

What is the disadvantage of precast concrete?

A

Transportation of these elements can raise logistical
issues and can be expensive.

199
Q

What is the name for the process which reduces the compressive forces in the concrete by increasing the tensile forces in the steel

A

Prestressed

200
Q

What are the steps for pre–tensioning of concrete

A

Stretch the steel pre-stressing strands tightly across the casting bed
concrete is cast around the stretched strands and cured the concrete bonds to the strands
when strands are cut the concrete goes into compression and the beam takes on the camber

201
Q

What is the process of post tensioning

A

The concrete is not allowed to bond to the steel strands during curing

after the concrete has cured the strands are tensioned with a hydraulic jack and anchored to the ends of the beam. If the strands are draped as shown here higher structural efficiency is possible than with straight strands

202
Q
A

Pre-casting bed with pretension cables

203
Q

Which of these is not a precast concrete project: habitat housing at Expo 67, parish Art Museum, Richard Medical Center

A

Parish Art Museum

204
Q

What is tilt up concrete system

A

Series of concrete panels tilted up into place to form a building’s exterior wall these panels are created at the worksite using wood forms rebar and concrete

205
Q

What are the most typical elements of precast concrete

A

Columns, beams, girders, slabs, and wall panels^

206
Q

How are connections typically made between precast concrete

A

With steel, welded

207
Q

What is the purpose of an embedded plate

A

To attach concrete structures to steel framework allowing accurate. On-site connections

208
Q

What is the purpose of the bearing pad

A

Buffer between separate concrete members to protect and avoid direct concrete concrete connections

209
Q

What is dry packing

A

Covering connections with cement grout for fire and corrosion protection

210
Q

In masonry construction, building two ends/corners of a wall before filling in the bricks is called what?

A

laying the leads

211
Q

The darker annual growth rings in a tree are called?

A

summerwood

212
Q

In the light wood frame, the fisrt board that is secured to the top of the foundation wall or slab by anchor bolts is called the?

A

sill plate

213
Q

where would you find the vent spacer in light wood frame construciton?

A

BETWEEN THE ROOF RAFTERS

214
Q

What engineered timber product is allowing wood buildings over 20 stoeriews to be built in accordance with the building codes?

A

CLT

215
Q

In traditional mill construction, what structural components are joined by the dogs?

A

the floor girders

216
Q

In bearing wall masonryu, where are the quoins located?

A

corners

217
Q

cmus are steam curedunder high pressure in a chamber called a

A

autoclave

218
Q

In masonry cavity wall construction, where is the insulation layer typically installed?

A

it depends on the climate

219
Q

Which of the following is NOT a softwood : loblolly pine, douglas fir, cherry, southern cypress

A

cherry

220
Q

which of the following is classified as a hardwood? southern cypress, redwood, douglas fir, black walnut

A

black wALNUT

221
Q

what causes checking or cracking in a log?

A

tangential shrinkage

222
Q

At waht MC level is light wood framing lumber considered to be adequated seasoned?

A

MC-19

223
Q

Where would you find the soffit in a light wood frame house?

A

at the eave of the roof

224
Q

Which type of sawing would produce luber with the fewest deformations?

A

quarter sawing

225
Q

What construction type is heavy timber?

A

type 4

226
Q

what construction type is light wood?

A

type 5

227
Q

What construction type is concrete?

A

1

228
Q

The CSI developed the masterformat system to organzie what kind of information?

A

construction materials & components information

229
Q

At the beginning opf a project, the architect should first consult?

A

local zoning ordinances

230
Q

If a buildings column grid measures 2o x 40, which of the following concrete systmes would be most apprpriate: two way flat plate, one way ribbed joist, two way waffle slab

A

one way ribbed joist

231
Q

which of the folllowing would allow you to increase the floor area of a building beyind whats allowable by code?

A

use of automatic sprinkler system

232
Q

Whcih construction type is most fire resistant

A

type 1

233
Q

To use the IBc you match - and -

A

use groups and construction types

234
Q

when a project is under construction and contract documents are still in progres, this scheduking method is called

A

fast track

235
Q

in sitecast concrete construction, the components that are used to hold the formwork together during the pouring o the concrete are called

A

form ties

236
Q

what are the two basic types of foundations?

A

SHALLOW AND DEEP

237
Q
A

tiebacks

238
Q
A

post tensioning ram

239
Q
A

one way ribbed slab system

240
Q
A

strip footing (shallow foundation)

241
Q
A

form ties

242
Q
A

flying formwork

243
Q
A

post-tensioning cables for sitecast concrete

244
Q
A

slurry wall construction (permanent excavation sheeting)

245
Q
A

Construction Tech (8 decks)

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