exam 2 COPY Flashcards
1
Q
What is TRADITIONAL MILL Construction?
A
Loadbearing masonry walls with interior heavy timber framing for floors and roof.
2
Q
What type of construction is associated with Loadbearing masonry walls with interior heavy timber framing?
A
Traditional Mill Construction
3
Q
What is Wattle and Daub?
A
A mixture of straw and mud used as in-fill for walls in heavy timber braced frame construction.
4
Q
A _____ cut is made to the end of girders that sit in pockets in the load-bearing masonry walls.
A
firecut
5
Q
What is a firecut?
A
angled cut made to the end of girders that sit in pockets in the load-bearing masonry walls. so that
in the event of fire, the beam can fall out of its pocket and not damage the masonry.
6
Q
In Mill construction, where would you find the “dogs”?
A
At the intersection of floor girders and columns
7
Q
What is a “pintle cap”?
A
An iron cup-shaped device that connects column-to-column
through the floor zone
8
Q
What is this?
A
pintle cap
9
Q
Where is a pintle cap located?
A
At the floor, between beams or girders.
10
Q
What is Sarah Tabitha Babbitt (1779-1853) credited with inventing?
A
Circular saw
11
Q
Who invented the circular saw?
A
Sarah Tabitha Babbitt
12
Q
What is Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)?
A
Layers of dimension lumber that are laid up in alternating directions and glued together to create large slabs (for walls/floors).
13
Q
What is layers of dimension lumber laid in alternating directions and glued together called?
A
Cross Laminated Timber
14
Q
What does CLT stand for?
A
cross laminated timber
15
Q
What are “glu-lams”?
A
Long-spanning structural members made from gluing multiple pieces of lumber under high pressure in the same direction with overlapping joints.
16
Q
What are long-spanning structural members made from gluing multiple
pieces of lumber under high pressure in the same direction with overlapping joints?
A
glu-lams
17
Q
id
A
cross laminated timber
18
Q
id
A
glue laminated timber or glu-lams
19
Q
How are CLT panels (walls and floors) connected?
A
With steel plates and long screws
20
Q
What is LVL stand for?
A
Laminated Veneer Lumber
21
Q
What is type 4 construction?
A
heavy timber
22
Q
what construction type is heavy timber
A
type 4
23
Q
What is the difference between LUMBER and BOARDS?
A
2x dimension, less than 2x
24
Q
What are pieces of lumber less than 2 inches in nominal size called?
A
boards
25
What is the mathematical relationship between nominal and actual dimensioning?
1 nominal inch=3/4 actual inch
2-6 n"= -.5" actual
8+" n= -3/4" actual
26
What's bigger nominal or actual lumber dimensioning?
nominal, which is when lumber is first cut from the log. actual is after sawing, seasoning and surfacing
27
The nominal dimension of a 2x4
2x4
28
The ACTUAL dimension of a 2x4
1.5” x 3.5”
29
id
oriented strand board
30
id
plywood
31
id
Medium Density Fiberboard & particle board
32
Plywood and Oriented Strand Board (OSB) are used for _______-ing (floors/roofs) and
________-ing (walls) in light wood frame construction
decking / sheathing
33
What is a stringer?
pair of inclined beams used to construct stairs
34
what is the sloping wood member that supports the treads of a stair
stringer
35
stair formula
2R+T =24/25 inches
36
What is the difference between a casement window and an awning window?
casement is hinged on the sides and opens like a door, awning is hinged at top and opens outward.
37
What type of window is hinged on the sides & opens like a door?
casement
38
What type of window is s hinged at top and opens outward?
awning
39
id
casement window
40
id
awning window
41
The ___________ Style was popular in the eastern United States in the 19th c. and featured a single wood material used for the roofs and walls of houses.
shingle
42
what style of home?
shingle
43
id
vent spacer
44
What is a vent spacer, and where is it located?
Located between the individual
rafters in the roof, behind the batt insulation, it allows for air to travel from the eaves to be vented at the ridge
45
What is a “rough opening” dimension in light wood framing?
a dimension that allows added space for doors and windows to be leveled and shimmed in the field
46
What is a “soffit”?
The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially
the underside of a stair or a roof overhang.
47
id
soffit vent
48
id
balloon frame
49
id
platform frame
50
balloon frame
51
What is balloon framing?
a type of light wood framing with horizontal scaffolding support
52
balloon frame
53
What is the basic difference between balloon and platform framing?
The main difference between platform and balloon framing is at the floor lines. The balloon wall studs extend from the sill of the first story all the way to the top plate or end rafter of the second story. The platform-framed wall, on the other hand, is independent for each floor
balloon- 1st light wood system. used sawmill-cut boards and mass-produced nails. 2-story vertical boards make up perimeter wall. A ribband or band joist is fastened to the inside of the wall and supports the floor joists
platform- one-story walls constructed on the slab and raised into position. The floor is constructed with joists and decking
54
What is a wall stud?
vertical repetitive framing member in a building's wall
#5 on diagram
55
id
platform framing
*note: multiple studs, framing independent per floor
56
id
balloon-- single stud from bottom to top
57
What preceded balloon and platform framing, and is classified as heavy
timber?
braced frame
58
id
Braced heavy timber frame
59
id
braced heavy timber frame w wattle and daub infill
60
id
heavy timber braced frame
61
id
post and beam braced frame
62
id these
A-girder
b-beams
63
What is the most widely used method of making bricks today?
stiff mud process
64
ID
stiff mud process
65
What is the ingredient in mortar that makes it “workable”?
lime
66
What does lime contribute to mortar?
smoothness and workability
67
Bricks are “fired” in a __________ kiln, or a continuous __________kiln
periodic, tunnel
68
Difference between a periodic and a tunnel kiln
In the periodic kiln, bricks are loaded in, fired, cooled and unloaded.
In the tunnel kiln, bricks are passed continually through –slowly, on rail cars.
69
True or false. There is a standard brick size the world over
f
70
CMU’s (concrete masonry units) are __________ cured in an ___________.
steam, autoclave
71
id
concrete masonry unit
72
id
top-brick
bottom-cmu
73
How are cmus manufactured?
A stiff mix of concrete is vibrated into steel molds, then turned out onto racks so the molds can be
reused
The blocks are then STEAM CURED in a chamber called an AUTOCLAVE, either at atmospheric
pressure or a higher pressure to accelerate the curing.
74
id
autoclave for making cmus
75
Running bond masonry walls consist of __________ bricks only
stretcher
76
id
running bond-- all stretchers
77
What is a stretcher brick?
a brick laid horizontally on its broad surface, with thin edge parallel to wall surface.
78
id
a-stretcher
b-header
79
id
a-course (horizontal layer of bricks)
b-bed joint (horizontal joint between bricks)
c-head joint (vertical joint between bricks)
80
id
a-wythe (vertical layer of bricks)
b-collar joint (joint between wythes of bricks)
81
id
soldier (brick that stands on end)
82
id
rowlock (a brick laid on its long edge, with its
end exposed in the face of the wall.)
83
What is a bond in masonry?
the pattern in which masonry units are
laid to make a wall.
84
What does “laying the leads” mean?
building the corners of walls first, then filling in
85
id
laying the leads
86
What is the role of a steel “shelf angle” in masonry construction?
to either span an
opening, or to support “lifts” of brick on a building façade.
87
What is the dashed line
Steel lintel or shelf angle
88
id
steel lintel or shelf angle or steel shelf angle
89
What is “corbelling”?
a method of spanning openings by cantilevering bricks
90
id
corbelling
91
What is “centering”
a temporary structure (typically wood) that supports the bricks
in the construction of true masonry arches
92
What is a method of spanning openings by cantilevering bricks
corbelling
93
what is a temporary structure (typically wood) that supports the bricks
in the construction of true masonry arches?
centering
94
id
wooden centering
95
What are “quoins” in brick or stone masonry?
corner reinforcing of masonry walls, usually done for decorative effect.
96
id
quoins (stone corner blocks help stabilize the
masonry walls)
97
id
quoins
98
What is a structural bond in brick masonry?
walls built with a combination of stretcher and header bricks.
99
id
English Bond –alternating stretcher
and header courses
100
id
Common Bond –header course every
sixth course (aka: American bond)
101
id
flemish bond-–alternating
header/stretcher in each course
102
id
monk bond-a Flemish bond but with
two stretchers instead of one between headers.
103
id
Cell structure of Hardwood Tree
(Slow growing, denser, more interesting
grain)
104
id
Cell structure of Softwood Tree Cell
(Faster growing, simpler, less interesting grain)
105
what kind of trees are these examples of? (coniferous) Examples: Loblolly and Ponderosa Pine,
Eastern Hemlock, Douglas Fir, Redwood,
Cypress
softwood
106
what kind of trees are these examples of? (broadleaf trees)
Examples: Ash, Beech, Cherry, Red and White Oak, Tupelo Gum, Black Walnut
hardwood
107
Growth rings of a tree alternate between ____wood (lighter) and _____wood
(darker)
spring, summer
(Water is generally more plentiful in spring seasons than in summer. making rings lighter)
108
What kind of shrinking is greater in a log: tangential or radial?
Tangential, by about double
109
id
checking due to tangential shrinker
110
a-crook
b-cup
c-bow
d-twist
111
what causes different seasoning distortions in dimension lumber?
direct result of their position relative to the growth rings of the tree
112
id
plainsawing
113
id
quartersawing
114
id
Typical sawing of a large log
115
What kind of sawing produces this grain pattern?
plainsawing
116
What kind of sawing produces this grain pattern?
quartersawing
117
What is the MC (moisture content) of framing lumber that is considered “seasoned”?
MC-19 or 19% water retained in the lumber.
118
id
air seasoning
119
id
progressive kiln for seasonign
120
id
compartmental kiln for seasoning
121
How is plywood made?
Thin veneers are rotary-sliced from the log, than laid up and glued in alternating grain directions, which imparts strength to the panel
122
How is OSB (oriented strand board) made?
Small shards of wood are cut from the
log, then vibrated on a belt to interlock and overlay, and then glued and pressed under
high pressure.
123
What light-gauge metal products are indispensable for light wood frame construction?
Connectors: joist and beam hangers, straps, angles, rafter anchors, bases and caps
124
joist hanger
125
beam hanger
126
angle
127
rafter anchor
128
post caps
129
post bases
130
light wood framing
131
light wood frame
132
headsaw
133
sheathing (vertical surfaces)used to stiffen the light wood frame skeleton
134
Decking (horizontal and sloping surfaces)
is used to stiffen the light wood frame skeleton
135
glu-lams
136
i-joist(Composite member that uses sawn or
structural composite flanges (top and
bottom) and wood structural panel
webs (oriented strand board)), metal bits are joist hangers which connect i-joists to a large beam
137
light wood frame
138
eastern or braced frame
139
platform frame
140
braced frame
141
slab on grade
142
pier and beam
143
Pier –and – Beam
(concrete)
144
a-floor joist or trusses rest on the sill plate. Mid-span supports are
sometimes necessary to provide stiffness.
These are called bridging.
b-sill plate (a pressure-treated board is the
first wooden element anchored to the
foundation.
145
firecut
146
girder/beam to wall connections in mill construction
147
column to girder/beam in mill construction
148
A joist
B floor beam
C girder
149
how many bricks tall is a cmu?
3 bricks + mortar high
