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Construction Tech > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is TRADITIONAL MILL Construction?

A

Loadbearing masonry walls with interior heavy timber framing for floors and roof.

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2
Q

What type of construction is associated with Loadbearing masonry walls with interior heavy timber framing?

A

Traditional Mill Construction

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3
Q

What is Wattle and Daub?

A

A mixture of straw and mud used as in-fill for walls in heavy timber braced frame construction.

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4
Q

A _____ cut is made to the end of girders that sit in pockets in the load-bearing masonry walls.

A

firecut

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5
Q

What is a firecut?

A

angled cut made to the end of girders that sit in pockets in the load-bearing masonry walls. so that
in the event of fire, the beam can fall out of its pocket and not damage the masonry.

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6
Q

In Mill construction, where would you find the “dogs”?

A

At the intersection of floor girders and columns

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7
Q

What is a “pintle cap”?

A

An iron cup-shaped device that connects column-to-column
through the floor zone

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8
Q

What is this?

A

pintle cap

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9
Q

Where is a pintle cap located?

A

At the floor, between beams or girders.

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10
Q

What is Sarah Tabitha Babbitt (1779-1853) credited with inventing?

A

Circular saw

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11
Q

Who invented the circular saw?

A

Sarah Tabitha Babbitt

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12
Q

What is Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)?

A

Layers of dimension lumber that are laid up in alternating directions and glued together to create large slabs (for walls/floors).

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13
Q

What is layers of dimension lumber laid in alternating directions and glued together called?

A

Cross Laminated Timber

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14
Q

What does CLT stand for?

A

cross laminated timber

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15
Q

What are “glu-lams”?

A

Long-spanning structural members made from gluing multiple pieces of lumber under high pressure in the same direction with overlapping joints.

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16
Q

What are long-spanning structural members made from gluing multiple
pieces of lumber under high pressure in the same direction with overlapping joints?

A

glu-lams

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17
Q

id

A

cross laminated timber

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18
Q

id

A

glue laminated timber or glu-lams

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19
Q

How are CLT panels (walls and floors) connected?

A

With steel plates and long screws

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20
Q

What is LVL stand for?

A

Laminated Veneer Lumber

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21
Q

What is type 4 construction?

A

heavy timber

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22
Q

what construction type is heavy timber

A

type 4

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23
Q

What is the difference between LUMBER and BOARDS?

A

2x dimension, less than 2x

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24
Q

What are pieces of lumber less than 2 inches in nominal size called?

A

boards

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25
Q

What is the mathematical relationship between nominal and actual dimensioning?

A

1 nominal inch=3/4 actual inch
2-6 n”= -.5” actual
8+” n= -3/4” actual

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26
Q

What’s bigger nominal or actual lumber dimensioning?

A

nominal, which is when lumber is first cut from the log. actual is after sawing, seasoning and surfacing

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27
Q

The nominal dimension of a 2x4

A

2x4

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28
Q

The ACTUAL dimension of a 2x4

A

1.5” x 3.5”

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29
Q

id

A

oriented strand board

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30
Q

id

A

plywood

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31
Q

id

A

Medium Density Fiberboard & particle board

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32
Q

Plywood and Oriented Strand Board (OSB) are used for _______-ing (floors/roofs) and
________-ing (walls) in light wood frame construction

A

decking / sheathing

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33
Q

What is a stringer?

A

pair of inclined beams used to construct stairs

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34
Q

what is the sloping wood member that supports the treads of a stair

A

stringer

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35
Q

stair formula

A

2R+T =24/25 inches

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36
Q

What is the difference between a casement window and an awning window?

A

casement is hinged on the sides and opens like a door, awning is hinged at top and opens outward.

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37
Q

What type of window is hinged on the sides & opens like a door?

A

casement

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38
Q

What type of window is s hinged at top and opens outward?

A

awning

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39
Q

id

A

casement window

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40
Q

id

A

awning window

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41
Q

The ___________ Style was popular in the eastern United States in the 19th c. and featured a single wood material used for the roofs and walls of houses.

A

shingle

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42
Q

what style of home?

A

shingle

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43
Q

id

A

vent spacer

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44
Q

What is a vent spacer, and where is it located?

A

Located between the individual
rafters in the roof, behind the batt insulation, it allows for air to travel from the eaves to be vented at the ridge

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45
Q

What is a “rough opening” dimension in light wood framing?

A

a dimension that allows added space for doors and windows to be leveled and shimmed in the field

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46
Q

What is a “soffit”?

A

The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially
the underside of a stair or a roof overhang.

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47
Q

id

A

soffit vent

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48
Q

id

A

balloon frame

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49
Q

id

A

platform frame

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50
Q
A

balloon frame

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51
Q

What is balloon framing?

A

a type of light wood framing with horizontal scaffolding support

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52
Q
A

balloon frame

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53
Q

What is the basic difference between balloon and platform framing?

A

The main difference between platform and balloon framing is at the floor lines. The balloon wall studs extend from the sill of the first story all the way to the top plate or end rafter of the second story. The platform-framed wall, on the other hand, is independent for each floor
balloon- 1st light wood system. used sawmill-cut boards and mass-produced nails. 2-story vertical boards make up perimeter wall. A ribband or band joist is fastened to the inside of the wall and supports the floor joists
platform- one-story walls constructed on the slab and raised into position. The floor is constructed with joists and decking

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54
Q

What is a wall stud?

A

vertical repetitive framing member in a building’s wall
#5 on diagram

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55
Q

id

A

platform framing
*note: multiple studs, framing independent per floor

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56
Q

id

A

balloon– single stud from bottom to top

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57
Q

What preceded balloon and platform framing, and is classified as heavy
timber?

A

braced frame

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58
Q

id

A

Braced heavy timber frame

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59
Q

id

A

braced heavy timber frame w wattle and daub infill

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60
Q

id

A

heavy timber braced frame

61
Q

id

A

post and beam braced frame

62
Q

id these

A

A-girder
b-beams

63
Q

What is the most widely used method of making bricks today?

A

stiff mud process

64
Q

ID

A

stiff mud process

65
Q

What is the ingredient in mortar that makes it “workable”?

A

lime

66
Q

What does lime contribute to mortar?

A

smoothness and workability

67
Q

Bricks are “fired” in a __________ kiln, or a continuous __________kiln

A

periodic, tunnel

68
Q

Difference between a periodic and a tunnel kiln

A

In the periodic kiln, bricks are loaded in, fired, cooled and unloaded.
In the tunnel kiln, bricks are passed continually through –slowly, on rail cars.

69
Q

True or false. There is a standard brick size the world over

A

f

70
Q

CMU’s (concrete masonry units) are __________ cured in an ___________.

A

steam, autoclave

71
Q

id

A

concrete masonry unit

72
Q

how many bricks tall is a cmu?

A

3 bricks + mortar high

72
Q

id

A

top-brick
bottom-cmu

73
Q

How are cmus manufactured?

A

A stiff mix of concrete is vibrated into steel molds, then turned out onto racks so the molds can be
reused
The blocks are then STEAM CURED in a chamber called an AUTOCLAVE, either at atmospheric
pressure or a higher pressure to accelerate the curing.

74
Q

id

A

autoclave for making cmus

75
Q

Running bond masonry walls consist of __________ bricks only

A

stretcher

76
Q

id

A

running bond– all stretchers

77
Q

What is a stretcher brick?

A

a brick laid horizontally on its broad surface, with thin edge parallel to wall surface.

78
Q

id

A

a-stretcher
b-header

79
Q

id

A

a-course (horizontal layer of bricks)
b-bed joint (horizontal joint between bricks)
c-head joint (vertical joint between bricks)

80
Q

id

A

a-wythe (vertical layer of bricks)
b-collar joint (joint between wythes of bricks)

81
Q

id

A

soldier (brick that stands on end)

82
Q

id

A

rowlock (a brick laid on its long edge, with its
end exposed in the face of the wall.)

83
Q

What is a bond in masonry?

A

the pattern in which masonry units are
laid to make a wall.

84
Q

What does “laying the leads” mean?

A

building the corners of walls first, then filling in

85
Q

id

A

laying the leads

86
Q

What is the role of a steel “shelf angle” in masonry construction?

A

to either span an
opening, or to support “lifts” of brick on a building façade.

87
Q

What is the dashed line

A

Steel lintel or shelf angle

88
Q

id

A

steel lintel or shelf angle or steel shelf angle

89
Q

What is “corbelling”?

A

a method of spanning openings by cantilevering bricks

90
Q

id

A

corbelling

91
Q

What is “centering”

A

a temporary structure (typically wood) that supports the bricks
in the construction of true masonry arches

92
Q

What is a method of spanning openings by cantilevering bricks

A

corbelling

93
Q

what is a temporary structure (typically wood) that supports the bricks
in the construction of true masonry arches?

A

centering

94
Q

id

A

wooden centering

95
Q

What are “quoins” in brick or stone masonry?

A

corner reinforcing of masonry walls, usually done for decorative effect.

96
Q

id

A

quoins (stone corner blocks help stabilize the
masonry walls)

97
Q

id

A

quoins

98
Q

What is a structural bond in brick masonry?

A

walls built with a combination of stretcher and header bricks.

99
Q

id

A

English Bond –alternating stretcher
and header courses

100
Q

id

A

Common Bond –header course every
sixth course (aka: American bond)

101
Q

id

A

flemish bond-–alternating
header/stretcher in each course

102
Q

id

A

monk bond-a Flemish bond but with
two stretchers instead of one between headers.

103
Q

id

A

Cell structure of Hardwood Tree
(Slow growing, denser, more interesting
grain)

104
Q

id

A

Cell structure of Softwood Tree Cell
(Faster growing, simpler, less interesting grain)

105
Q

what kind of trees are these examples of? (coniferous) Examples: Loblolly and Ponderosa Pine,
Eastern Hemlock, Douglas Fir, Redwood,
Cypress

A

softwood

106
Q

what kind of trees are these examples of? (broadleaf trees)
Examples: Ash, Beech, Cherry, Red and White Oak, Tupelo Gum, Black Walnut

A

hardwood

107
Q

Growth rings of a tree alternate between ____wood (lighter) and _____wood
(darker)

A

spring, summer
(Water is generally more plentiful in spring seasons than in summer. making rings lighter)

108
Q

What kind of shrinking is greater in a log: tangential or radial?

A

Tangential, by about double

109
Q

id

A

checking due to tangential shrinker

110
Q
A

a-crook
b-cup
c-bow
d-twist

111
Q

what causes different seasoning distortions in dimension lumber?

A

direct result of their position relative to the growth rings of the tree

112
Q

id

A

plainsawing

113
Q

id

A

quartersawing

114
Q

id

A

Typical sawing of a large log

115
Q

What kind of sawing produces this grain pattern?

A

plainsawing

116
Q

What kind of sawing produces this grain pattern?

A

quartersawing

117
Q

What is the MC (moisture content) of framing lumber that is considered “seasoned”?

A

MC-19 or 19% water retained in the lumber.

118
Q

id

A

air seasoning

119
Q

id

A

progressive kiln for seasonign

120
Q

id

A

compartmental kiln for seasoning

121
Q

How is plywood made?

A

Thin veneers are rotary-sliced from the log, than laid up and glued in alternating grain directions, which imparts strength to the panel

122
Q

How is OSB (oriented strand board) made?

A

Small shards of wood are cut from the
log, then vibrated on a belt to interlock and overlay, and then glued and pressed under
high pressure.

123
Q

What light-gauge metal products are indispensable for light wood frame construction?

A

Connectors: joist and beam hangers, straps, angles, rafter anchors, bases and caps

124
Q
A

joist hanger

125
Q
A

beam hanger

126
Q
A

angle

127
Q
A

rafter anchor

128
Q
A

post caps

129
Q
A

post bases

130
Q
A

light wood framing

131
Q
A

light wood frame

132
Q
A

headsaw

133
Q
A

sheathing (vertical surfaces)used to stiffen the light wood frame skeleton

134
Q
A

Decking (horizontal and sloping surfaces)
is used to stiffen the light wood frame skeleton

135
Q
A

glu-lams

136
Q
A

i-joist(Composite member that uses sawn or
structural composite flanges (top and
bottom) and wood structural panel
webs (oriented strand board)), metal bits are joist hangers which connect i-joists to a large beam

137
Q
A

light wood frame

138
Q
A

eastern or braced frame

139
Q
A

platform frame

140
Q
A

braced frame

141
Q
A

slab on grade

142
Q
A

pier and beam

143
Q
A

Pier –and – Beam
(concrete)

144
Q
A

a-floor joist or trusses rest on the sill plate. Mid-span supports are
sometimes necessary to provide stiffness.
These are called bridging.
b-sill plate (a pressure-treated board is the
first wooden element anchored to the
foundation.

145
Q
A

firecut

146
Q
A

girder/beam to wall connections in mill construction

147
Q
A

column to girder/beam in mill construction

148
Q
A

A joist
B floor beam
C girder

Construction Tech (8 decks)

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