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Psychology 120 > Final Pt 3 (section 9) > Flashcards

Final Pt 3 (section 9) Flashcards

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1
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to think, learn from experience, solve problems and adapt to new situations

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2
Q

How did measuring intelligence begin

A

Alfred Binet and Henri Simon

Work in Paris to develop a measure that would differentiate students who were expected to be good vs bad learners

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3
Q

Binet and Simon intelligence test

A

1st intelligence test. Name objects. Define words. Draw pictures. Etc

Start easy and get harder

To test kids for teaching them in school

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4
Q

Lewis terman

A

Made American version of Binet-Simon test in 1916

Still used today

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5
Q

Charles spearman underlying general intelligence factor

A

Noticed a correlation btwn items and hypothesized there must be a single underlying construct G

1904

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6
Q

G- underlying factor

A

Underlying generalized intelligence factor

Relates to abstract thinking,

includes ability to: acquire knowledge, reason abstractly, adapt to novel situations, and to benefit from instruction and experience

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7
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Refers to capacity to learn new ways to solve problems and do activities

Decrease with age

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8
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge of the world we acquired through our lives

Increase with age

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9
Q

Sternberg triarchic model of intelligence

A

Robert sternberg

Most IQ tests are measuring analytical intelligence not

Practical or creative intelligence

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10
Q

Analytical intelligence

A

Academic problem solving and computation

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11
Q

Creative intelligence

A

Imaginative and inovative problem solving

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12
Q

Practical intelligence

A

Street smarts and common sense

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13
Q

5 components of creativity

A

Expertise

Imaginative thinking

Risk taking

Intrinsic interest

Working in a creative environment

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14
Q

Expertise - component of creativity

A

Artist know drawing techniques

Knowledgeable about a topic

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15
Q

Imaginative thinking -component of creativity

A

Creative ppl View a problem in a visual way. Allowing them to see from a different point of view

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16
Q

Risk taking component of creativity

A

Self explanatory- creative ppl are willing to take on new risky approaches

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17
Q

Intrinsic interest component of creativity

A

Creative ppl do projects cus they love it

Ppl paid to be creative are often less creative than those who aren’t

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18
Q

Working in a creative environment component of creativity

A

Creativity is partly a social phenomenon

Siminton found most creative ppl were supported by other ppl do similar things

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19
Q

Practical intelligence

A

Street smarts

Harder to study

They say it is and isn’t correlated on g

And is/ isn’t predictive of success

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20
Q

Howard gardeners 8 intelligences

A

Visual/spatial

Musical

Bodily/kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Verbal/linguistic

Logical/mathematical

Naturalistic

Intrapersonal

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21
Q

Main point of intelligence tests

A

To measure g (general intelligence factor)

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22
Q

Reliable in terms of intelligence test

A

Consistent over time

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23
Q

Construct validity in term of intelligence tests

A

Actually measure intelligence instead of something else

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24
Q

IQ Scores

A

1-70 Low

71-84 below avg

85-115 average

116-144 above average

145-159 High

160+ genius

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25
Q

Average IQ by definition

A

100

IQ of 100 means u scored as well as 50% of ur peers on the test

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26
Q

Average IQ for incoming uni students

Graduating from Undergrads?

A

113 new student

115 undergrads

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27
Q

Welscher tests

A

Give more than just IQ

Give verbal, perceptual-organizational, working memory, and processing speed domain scores

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28
Q

Which types of intelligence correlates best with academic achievement

A

Verbal IQ (and a subtest called vocabulary)

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29
Q

Flynn effect

A

IQ is going up substantially over the last few decades

Average increase about 3 every year

This is bc of nutrition, access to info, etc

Not necessarily ppl getting smarter

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30
Q

How much IQ do we gain per year of education in young adulthood vs midlife adults

A

4.3 points

1.3 point adult

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31
Q

4 biological factors that underlie intelligence

A

Brain size

Speed and efficiency of neural transmission

Working memory

Sensory ability

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32
Q

More intelligent if u have a bigger brain?

A

Yes and no

Yes-

Intelligence is correlated to size, amount of neurons, thickness of cortex

No-

Correlation doesn’t mean causation. Could be nutrition for example

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33
Q

Faster and more efficient neurons make u more intelligent?

A

More intelligent ppl show less brain activity (don’t have to work as hard)

Speed in which u do tasks is related to how intelligent u are you faster = smarter

34
Q

Working memory

A

Manipulate visual and auditory info

Sustain attention

Impact school performance and Iq

Can be Trained using exercises

Temp storage

35
Q

How does working memory correlate with intelligence

A

r= 0.5

It’s now used as a measure of intelligence in many tests

36
Q

How much of IQ is heritable

A

40-80%

Most likely above 40

80 could be a wild overstatement

37
Q

How much do IQ of identical twins correlate vs fraternal twins

A

r= 0.86 identical

r= 0.60 fraternal

38
Q

How much do parents and biological children correlate IQ vs adopted children

A

R= 0.42 biological

R= 0.19 adopted

39
Q

Role of genetics gets stronger as u get older. Explain

A

Intelligence of young children less than 3 doesn’t predict adult intelligence

By 7 it does and IQ remains very stable in adulthood

40
Q

Nurture in terms of intelligence

A

Identical Twins raised in separate homes have less similar intelligence than in the same home

Fraternal twins have more similar IQ than non twin siblings. - prolly cus they’re treated more similarly

41
Q

Variability in environments

A

More variability in low economic households

Most upper class households provide a safe, nutritious, supporting environment for children

This is more variable for broke ppl

42
Q

Early experiences matter

A

Fact intelligence becomes more stable as we get older means early experience is more important

43
Q

Steve ceci

A

of yrs u have been in school correlates about r=.6

School makes us more intelligent

Could mean ppl with higher iq enjoy school more so more likely to stay

44
Q

Education causal effect in IQ

A

Kids who enter school earlier are smarter (I’m smarter than mozey)

Children’s IQ drops on summer vacation. This suggests longer school year is better

45
Q

Emotion regulation

A

Ability 2 Control and productively use one’s emotions

If ur able to resist impulses to seek immediate gratification and less impulsive u have higher cognitive and social intelligence

46
Q

IQ bell curve

A

Majority of PPL have average IQ

Less people are super dumb and super smart

Shaped like a bell

_/^_
This but rounded

47
Q

How many ppl are gifted and how many are disabled in terms of IQ

A

2% for both

48
Q

Threshold for giftedness on IQ test

A

130+

49
Q

Threshold for disabled on IQ test score

A

Below 70

50
Q

What kinds of intelligence are women better at

A

Verbal and emotional intelligence tasks

51
Q

What kind of intelligence tests are men better at

A

Spatial reasoning and numerical tasks

52
Q

Are there racial differences in IQ

A

Yes

Why?

It’s more of the economic advantage

53
Q

How old are newborns when they recognize their moms language

Why

A

2 days old

Language learning begins before birth

54
Q

Baby language at 1-6 months

A

Ahhhh

Baby coo and gurgle

55
Q

Baby language 6-12 month

A

Begin to babble

Babe/ dada

56
Q

12-18 months language skills

A

First words

Teddy

57
Q

18-24 month language skills

A

Combing 2 words

“More tea”

58
Q

2-3 years language skills

A

3-5 word sentences

Daddy fix it

59
Q

How to remember baby language skills

A

Increase 6 months and think of progression

Noise to dada to teddy to more please to daddy fix it

0-6 to 6-12 to 12-18 to 18-24 to 2-3 years

60
Q

First words are usually

A

Nouns

61
Q

Overextensions

A

Don’t know how to contextualize words yet

Child Might call all adult men daddy and all animals doggy

62
Q

Nature vs nurture in terms of language

A

Nature- our brains are hardwired for language. It’s almost effortless

Nurture- we learn language from our parents and experiences

63
Q

Part of language learning is straight behaviourism

A

Language is learned by principles of learning (association, reinforcement, and observation of others)

Learn language spoken around them

Language improves over time. Modify language through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping

64
Q

Generativity

A

Language is more generative than imitative

It refers to the fact that speakers of a language can compose (generate) sentences they’ve never heard before

Language is a system of rules and procedures

65
Q

We learn languages better than we hear them

A

Deaf ppl can still learn languages at the same speed. So it’s not based on hearing

66
Q

Universal grammar

A

Noam Chomsky

Argued human brains have a language acquisition device that includes a universal grammar that underlies all human language

Chomsky proposes children are born with a knowledge of general rules of syntax that determine how sentences are constructed

67
Q

Surface and deep structures

A

Deep structure

How the idea is represented in the fundamental universal grammar

Surface structure

How it’s expressed in any one language

At the end of the lecture u remember the deep structure (main points) not the surface structure (exact words said)

68
Q

Bilingual in terms of language skills

A

Doesn’t lower language skills

Could give u a cognitive advantage (left hemisphere of brain involved in language is denser and has more neurons if bilingual)

69
Q

Can animals learn language

A

Sign language in monkeys

Dogs with buttons

70
Q

Washoe

A

Was taught American Sign Language

In 5 years knew 250+ words and could make simple requests and sentences

She had empathy

71
Q

Kanzi

A

Best primate for learning human speech

Learns faster when he was younger than when he was older

Learns by observation (watching mom do it)

Knows 3000 words on lexigraph

Use symbols to comment on social interactions rather than simply for food or treats

Create elementary syntax

Understand complicated commands

Play Pac-Man

72
Q

Koko

A

1000+ words in American Sign Language

Could make jokes and compliments. Had a deeper language understanding

73
Q

What do Koko, kanzi, and washoe have in common

A

Long term trainers and relationships

74
Q

Linguistic relativity

A

Idea that Language and its structures influence and limit human thought

75
Q

Sapir- Whorf hypothesis/ linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

Whorf argued Inuit categorized snow in finer details than English speakers possibly could

The language we use determines our thoughts

76
Q

Eleanor Rosch

A

Sapir- worf hypothesis isn’t supported

She went to Dani tribe in Papua New Guinea

They only have 2 words for color (hot and cool)

But if roach showed them a colour chip they could distinguish it as well as us

77
Q

Neo- worfism

A

Don’t say language does/doesn’t form how we think

It says

It influences how we think

78
Q

Where in the brain does language happen

A

Depends if ur right or left handed

Right handed in left cerebral cortex

79
Q

Brocas area

A

Responsible for language production

Area in front of the left hemisphere near the motor cortex

80
Q

Wernickes area

A

Responsible for language comprehension

Area of the brain next to auditory complex

81
Q

Aphasia

A

Language impairment

Psychology 120 (8 decks)

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