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Psychology 120 > Final Pt 3 (section 9) > Flashcards

Final Pt 3 (section 9) Flashcards

1
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to think, learn from experience, solve problems and adapt to new situations

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2
Q

How did measuring intelligence begin

A

Alfred Binet and Henri Simon

Work in Paris to develop a measure that would differentiate students who were expected to be good vs bad learners

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3
Q

Binet and Simon intelligence test

A

1st intelligence test. Name objects. Define words. Draw pictures. Etc

Start easy and get harder

To test kids for teaching them in school

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4
Q

Lewis terman

A

Made American version of Binet-Simon test in 1916

Still used today

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5
Q

Charles spearman underlying general intelligence factor

A

Noticed a correlation btwn items and hypothesized there must be a single underlying construct G

1904

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6
Q

G- underlying factor

A

Underlying generalized intelligence factor

Relates to abstract thinking,

includes ability to: acquire knowledge, reason abstractly, adapt to novel situations, and to benefit from instruction and experience

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7
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Refers to capacity to learn new ways to solve problems and do activities

Decrease with age

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8
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge of the world we acquired through our lives

Increase with age

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9
Q

Sternberg triarchic model of intelligence

A

Robert sternberg

Most IQ tests are measuring analytical intelligence not

Practical or creative intelligence

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10
Q

Analytical intelligence

A

Academic problem solving and computation

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11
Q

Creative intelligence

A

Imaginative and inovative problem solving

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12
Q

Practical intelligence

A

Street smarts and common sense

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13
Q

5 components of creativity

A

Expertise

Imaginative thinking

Risk taking

Intrinsic interest

Working in a creative environment

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14
Q

Expertise - component of creativity

A

Artist know drawing techniques

Knowledgeable about a topic

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15
Q

Imaginative thinking -component of creativity

A

Creative ppl View a problem in a visual way. Allowing them to see from a different point of view

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16
Q

Risk taking component of creativity

A

Self explanatory- creative ppl are willing to take on new risky approaches

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17
Q

Intrinsic interest component of creativity

A

Creative ppl do projects cus they love it

Ppl paid to be creative are often less creative than those who aren’t

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18
Q

Working in a creative environment component of creativity

A

Creativity is partly a social phenomenon

Siminton found most creative ppl were supported by other ppl do similar things

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19
Q

Practical intelligence

A

Street smarts

Harder to study

They say it is and isn’t correlated on g

And is/ isn’t predictive of success

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20
Q

Howard gardeners 8 intelligences

A

Visual/spatial

Musical

Bodily/kinesthetic

Interpersonal

Verbal/linguistic

Logical/mathematical

Naturalistic

Intrapersonal

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21
Q

Main point of intelligence tests

A

To measure g (general intelligence factor)

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22
Q

Reliable in terms of intelligence test

A

Consistent over time

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23
Q

Construct validity in term of intelligence tests

A

Actually measure intelligence instead of something else

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24
Q

IQ Scores

A

1-70 Low

71-84 below avg

85-115 average

116-144 above average

145-159 High

160+ genius

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25
Average IQ by definition
100 IQ of 100 means u scored as well as 50% of ur peers on the test
26
Average IQ for incoming uni students Graduating from Undergrads?
113 new student 115 undergrads
27
Welscher tests
Give more than just IQ Give verbal, perceptual-organizational, working memory, and processing speed domain scores
28
Which types of intelligence correlates best with academic achievement
Verbal IQ (and a subtest called vocabulary)
29
Flynn effect
IQ is going up substantially over the last few decades Average increase about 3 every year This is bc of nutrition, access to info, etc Not necessarily ppl getting smarter
30
How much IQ do we gain per year of education in young adulthood vs midlife adults
4.3 points 1.3 point adult
31
4 biological factors that underlie intelligence
Brain size Speed and efficiency of neural transmission Working memory Sensory ability
32
More intelligent if u have a bigger brain?
Yes and no Yes- Intelligence is correlated to size, amount of neurons, thickness of cortex No- Correlation doesn’t mean causation. Could be nutrition for example
33
Faster and more efficient neurons make u more intelligent?
More intelligent ppl show less brain activity (don’t have to work as hard) Speed in which u do tasks is related to how intelligent u are you faster = smarter
34
Working memory
Manipulate visual and auditory info Sustain attention Impact school performance and Iq Can be Trained using exercises Temp storage
35
How does working memory correlate with intelligence
r= 0.5 It’s now used as a measure of intelligence in many tests
36
How much of IQ is heritable
40-80% Most likely above 40 80 could be a wild overstatement
37
How much do IQ of identical twins correlate vs fraternal twins
r= 0.86 identical r= 0.60 fraternal
38
How much do parents and biological children correlate IQ vs adopted children
R= 0.42 biological R= 0.19 adopted
39
Role of genetics gets stronger as u get older. Explain
Intelligence of young children less than 3 doesn’t predict adult intelligence By 7 it does and IQ remains very stable in adulthood
40
Nurture in terms of intelligence
Identical Twins raised in separate homes have less similar intelligence than in the same home Fraternal twins have more similar IQ than non twin siblings. - prolly cus they’re treated more similarly
41
Variability in environments
More variability in low economic households Most upper class households provide a safe, nutritious, supporting environment for children This is more variable for broke ppl
42
Early experiences matter
Fact intelligence becomes more stable as we get older means early experience is more important
43
Steve ceci
School makes us more intelligent # of yrs u have been in school correlates about r=.6 Could mean ppl with higher iq enjoy school more so more likely to stay
44
Education causal effect in IQ
Kids who enter school earlier are smarter (I’m smarter than mozey) Children’s IQ drops on summer vacation. This suggests longer school year is better
45
Emotion regulation
Ability 2 Control and productively use one’s emotions If ur able to resist impulses to seek immediate gratification and less impulsive u have higher cognitive and social intelligence
46
IQ bell curve
Majority of PPL have average IQ Less people are super dumb and super smart Shaped like a bell _/^\_ This but rounded
47
How many ppl are gifted and how many are disabled in terms of IQ
2% for both
48
Threshold for giftedness on IQ test
130+
49
Threshold for disabled on IQ test score
Below 70
50
What kinds of intelligence are women better at
Verbal and emotional intelligence tasks
51
What kind of intelligence tests are men better at
Spatial reasoning and numerical tasks
52
Are there racial differences in IQ
Yes Why? It’s more of the economic advantage
53
How old are newborns when they recognize their moms language Why
2 days old Language learning begins before birth
54
Baby language at 1-6 months
Ahhhh Baby coo and gurgle
55
Baby language 6-12 month
Begin to babble Babe/ dada
56
12-18 months language skills
First words Teddy
57
18-24 month language skills
Combing 2 words “More tea”
58
2-3 years language skills
3-5 word sentences Daddy fix it
59
How to remember baby language skills
Increase 6 months and think of progression Noise to dada to teddy to more please to daddy fix it 0-6 to 6-12 to 12-18 to 18-24 to 2-3 years
60
First words are usually
Nouns
61
Overextensions
Don’t know how to contextualize words yet Child Might call all adult men daddy and all animals doggy
62
Nature vs nurture in terms of language
Nature- our brains are hardwired for language. It’s almost effortless Nurture- we learn language from our parents and experiences
63
Part of language learning is straight behaviourism
Language is learned by principles of learning (association, reinforcement, and observation of others) Learn language spoken around them Language improves over time. Modify language through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping
64
Generativity
Language is more generative than imitative It refers to the fact that speakers of a language can compose (generate) sentences they’ve never heard before Language is a system of rules and procedures
65
We learn languages better than we hear them
Deaf ppl can still learn languages at the same speed. So it’s not based on hearing
66
Universal grammar
Noam Chomsky Argued human brains have a language acquisition device that includes a universal grammar that underlies all human language Chomsky proposes children are born with a knowledge of general rules of syntax that determine how sentences are constructed
67
Surface and deep structures
Deep structure How the idea is represented in the fundamental universal grammar Surface structure How it’s expressed in any one language At the end of the lecture u remember the deep structure (main points) not the surface structure (exact words said)
68
Bilingual in terms of language skills
Doesn’t lower language skills Could give u a cognitive advantage (left hemisphere of brain involved in language is denser and has more neurons if bilingual)
69
Can animals learn language
Sign language in monkeys Dogs with buttons
70
Washoe
Was taught American Sign Language In 5 years knew 250+ words and could make simple requests and sentences She had empathy
71
Kanzi
Best primate for learning human speech Learns faster when he was younger than when he was older Learns by observation (watching mom do it) Knows 3000 words on lexigraph Use symbols to comment on social interactions rather than simply for food or treats Create elementary syntax Understand complicated commands Play Pac-Man
72
Koko
1000+ words in American Sign Language Could make jokes and compliments. Had a deeper language understanding
73
What do Koko, kanzi, and washoe have in common
Long term trainers and relationships
74
Linguistic relativity
Idea that Language and its structures influence and limit human thought
75
Sapir- Whorf hypothesis/ linguistic relativity hypothesis
Whorf argued Inuit categorized snow in finer details than English speakers possibly could The language we use determines our thoughts
76
Eleanor Rosch
Sapir- worf hypothesis isn’t supported She went to Dani tribe in Papua New Guinea They only have 2 words for color (hot and cool) But if roach showed them a colour chip they could distinguish it as well as us
77
Neo- worfism
Don’t say language does/doesn’t form how we think It says It influences how we think
78
Where in the brain does language happen
Depends if ur right or left handed Right handed in left cerebral cortex
79
Brocas area
Responsible for language production Area in front of the left hemisphere near the motor cortex
80
Wernickes area
Responsible for language comprehension Area of the brain next to auditory complex
81
Aphasia
Language impairment

Psychology 120 (8 decks)

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