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Psychology 120 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Things we do to change our consciousness (5 things)

A

Transcendent experiences

Meditation

Hypnosis

Sensory deprivation

Drugs

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2
Q

How do transcendent experiences happen

A

Intentionally pursued (prayer, commune with nature, music, athletics, or drugs)

OR

Sometimes they just happen (near death experiences)

OR

falling in love

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3
Q

What is a transcendent experience

A

Dissociation of the THE SELF sometimes for religious or ecstatic reasons

Transcending ourselves-realizing were part of something bigger

Moments when you lose your sense of self and connect with something bigger

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4
Q

Transcentadilism

A

A philosophical school largely based on the idea nature is sacred and holds they key to understanding human life

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5
Q

Overview effect

A

Earth induced transcendent experience.

The sense of enhanced purpose and meaning experienced by astronauts who see the earth from above

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6
Q

What is a green experience

A

Brief moments of transcendence through drugs, ecstasy, or sudden revelations that flare out like fireworks

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7
Q

What is a mature experience

A

More prolonged period of peace and unity

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8
Q

Mature vs green experience

A

Transcendent experiences where mature is more long term and green is short term (green means new/fresh)

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9
Q

Duncan blewett

A

Did some of the first studies on LSD working at Saskatchewan hospital in Weyburn

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10
Q

Who coined the word psychedelic

A

Humphrey osmond

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11
Q

What did they do research on in Saskatchewan

A

Studied treating patients with LSD. Treating ppl with a single dose of a psychedelic was seen as an attractive cheap approach

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12
Q

Who was involved in the research in Saskatchewan

A

Duncan blewett

Humphrey osmond

Abram Hoffman

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13
Q

Marsh chapel experiment

A

Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert

Wanted to see if magic mushrooms (psilocybin) helped generate feelings of transcendence

Students at a divinity school divided into 2 groups

1 took shrooms 1 didn’t

10 years later all the group that took them became priests or pastors and not 1 of the regular group did

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14
Q

Csikzentmihalyi

A

Flow or zen

Flow is being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. Time flies. Like playing jazz

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15
Q

Raymond moody

A

Reignited the discussion about near death experiences

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16
Q

Near death experience in terms of transcendence

A

Once u experience it u become more compassionate and selfless

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17
Q

Hypnosis def

A

Mental state characterized by reduced peripheral awareness, heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus

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18
Q

6th level of Maslow hierarchy of needs

A

Self transcendence is on top of the pyramid

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19
Q

Dark side of trying to have a transcendent experience

A

They can also lead us to addiction and pain

Psychoactive drugs used recreationally

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20
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Reduced reaction to a drug following repeated use

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21
Q

Physical dependence

A

When the body requires a specific dose of a particular drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms

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22
Q

Addiction def

A

Refers to loss of control over intense urges to take the drug even with bad consequences

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23
Q

Safety ratios

A

Dose likely to be fatal divided by the normal dose needed to feel drugs effects

Alcohol and heroin-5and 6
Weed- 1000

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24
Q

Stimulant

A

Psychoactive drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonins in the synapses of the CNS.

They make the neurotransmitters stay active in the brain so the result is increase of the sympathetic part in the ANS

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25
Q

What accounts for the largest proportion of recreational drugs deaths

A

Simulants

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26
Q

Caffeine

A

Affects epinephrine and dopamine availability but one of its largest effects is adenosine

Adenosine tell our brains we are tired

Caffeine is an adenosine antagonist. Blocks the signal that we are tired

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27
Q

1 recreational drug use killer

A

Smoking

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28
Q

Nicotine

A

Agonist for serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate

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29
Q

Cocaine

A

Makes dopamine more available

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30
Q

Amphétamines

A

Stimulant that increases wakefulness and focus along with decreased fatigue and appetite

Meth-injection

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31
Q

Why is meth more popular than coke

A

More addictive, lasts longer, 3 times more dopamine as cocaine

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32
Q

Ecstasy/ MDMA

A

Stimulant,

Prevent reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. So effective it can seriously deplete the amount of neurotransmitters available in the brain. Producing a mental and physical crash resulting in depression

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33
Q

Depressants

A

Slow us down

Psychoactive drug that reduces activity of the CNS

PAINKILLERS/ lower heart rate/ lower respiration/ anticonvulsants

Increase production of GABA and decrease production of acetylcholine

Reduce transmissions from the lower brain to the cortex

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34
Q

Alcohol

A

In low doses- remove social inhibitions by slowing activity in the sympathetic nervous system

Higher doses- acts in the cerebellum to interfere with coordination and balance

Safety ratio is 10

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35
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressants commonly prescribed as sleeping pills and pain killers

Too much cause come or death

36
Q

Opioids

A

Chemicals that increase activity in opioid receptor neurons

Similar to endorphins- natural pain reducers

37
Q

Opium and its derivatives

A

Morphine codéine and heroin

Codeine is weaker

38
Q

Synthetic opioids

A

OxyContin and fentanyl

39
Q

What do opioids affect

A

Increase endorphins and dopamine and reduce norepinephrine

40
Q

How Delivery method effects addictiveness

A

The faster the delivery system the more addictive

Orally is slowest, then smoking, then injecting.

41
Q

Main purpose of meditation

A

Detachment from ur own thoughts and desires. Acceptance of ur own experience and situation

42
Q

Alcohol safety ratio

A

10

43
Q

Safety ratio of heroin

A

6

44
Q

Marijuana safety ratio

A

1000

45
Q

Least risky recreational drug

A

Cannabis

46
Q

How many ppl did smoking kill in 2017

A

45000

47
Q

Alcohol induced deaths in 2021 Canada

A

3875

48
Q

Opioid deaths in 2021

A

6273

49
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

Increase chance of depression, illness, and anxiety

Without sleep u can’t form or maintain pathways in your brain

50
Q

Think of Physiology of sleep in 2 ways

A

How active we have been
And
How cunducive our environment is to sleep

51
Q

Adenosine and depletion of atp

A

Adenosine is created by breaking down ATP (atp is energy)

52
Q

Adenosine and non-REM sleep

A

Increased adenosine levels trigger non-REM sleep

53
Q

NON-REM Sleep

A

Brain is less active- recovery phase- builds ATP

54
Q

Light and melotonin effect in sleep

A

When dark, ganglion cells send message to pineal gland to secrete melatonin

55
Q

Melotonin

A

Calms and quiets you

Reduce stress hormone-cortisol, decreases energy storage, and slows our breathing

56
Q

stages of sleep- awake

A

Beta waves

57
Q

Beta waves

A

High frequency low intensity

Most inconsistent- reflecting on wide variation of sensory input u experience during the day

58
Q

Feeling relaxed waves

A

Alpha waves-

Less frequent, more consistent and more intense

59
Q

Stages of sleeping

A

3 non rem stages and REM sleep

NREM1
NREM2
NREM3
REM SLEEP

60
Q

NREM 1

A

Falling asleep marked by theta waves

61
Q

NREM2

A

Light sleep

55% of all sleep

Occasional sleep spindles (very high intensity brain waves)(thought to be processing of memories)

62
Q

NREM3

A

Deep sleep
20-25% of all sleep

Greater muscle relaxation and appearance of delta waves

63
Q

REM SLEEP

A

Marked by Rapid Eye Movement

Similar to being awake in terms of brain activity

Associated with dreaming

64
Q

Time in REM sleep

A

Go through several cycles of REM and non-REM sleep each night. The length of REM gets longer throughout the night

5-10 early, 15-20 shortly before u wake up

65
Q

Insomnia

A

6/10 Canadians have insomnia

66
Q

Causes of not being able to sleep

A

Worry, physical pain, change in sleep habits

67
Q

Sleep hygiene

A

1- regular bedtime
2- exercise (not 3 hrs before bed)
3-less or no caffeine
4- no alcohol or nicotine
5-keep bed for sleep and sex
6-don’t eat and drink too close to bed
7-no screen time before bed
8-create a sleep promoting environment (dark cool)
9- avoid disturbing noises
10-avoid naps

68
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Tongue blocks airway for at least 10 seconds

69
Q

Narcolepsy

A

When u pass out during the day

1/2000 have narcolepsy

70
Q

Cartaplexy

A

Loses muscle tone resulting in partial or complete collapse

71
Q

Cause if narcolepsy

A

Lack of deep sleep. Ppl with narcolepsy go straight to REM THEN wake up numerous times in the night. Preventing them from getting a good sleep

72
Q

Night terrors

A

Experienced in childhood.
In N3 (dreams are in REM)

73
Q

How much sleep for

Newborns, preschoolers, school-aged, teens, adults

A

N-16-18
P-10-12
S-9+
T-9+
A-7-8

74
Q

Selective attention

A

Ability to focus on certain things and ignore other shit

75
Q

4 models of selective attention

A

Broadbents filter model

Tries and attenuated model

Late selection model

Multimode model

76
Q

Broadbents filter model- dichotic listening task

A

When u hear 2 things and only focus on 1 u don’t retain info about the other

77
Q

Treisman attenuated model

A

We lessen our attention on those things we’re trying to avoid not block it out completely

78
Q

Late selection model

A

All info processed, only pertinent info enters consciousness

79
Q

Multi mode model

A

Stage which selection occurs changes by task

80
Q

Innatentional blindness

A

Not Recognizing objects we did look at cus we were preoccupied

81
Q

Low awareness and high awareness cost vs benefits

A

Low- cost(influenced by subtle factors) benefits(low mental effort)

High- cost (use mental effort) benefit (overcome some biases)

82
Q

Priming

A

When ur exposure to something already has a certain prompt without awareness

83
Q

Unconcious

A

We make the decision to push the button before pushing it

84
Q

Conscious mind still has….

A

Veto power over unconcious

200 milliseconds between concious awareness and action we can stop it

85
Q

Unconcious and attitude formation

A

Ppl like things they see more, even if they don’t know they see it more (billboard u drive by every day)

86
Q

Unconscious and creativity

A

1- consciously attending to a problem
2- incubation (unconscious thought)
3-conscious evaluation (evaluate thought from 2)
4-vérification

87
Q

What happens when ur told ur gonna be asked questions later

A

Solving anagrams example

If u know you’ll pay attention to the next part

“What color was the water bottle”

Psychology 120 (8 decks)

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