final pt 2 Flashcards
Anabolic pathways of metabolism are pathways that:
build complex molecules from simple ones.
Autotrophs typically obtain their carbon from:
CO2
Animals such as cats, worms, and butterflies are classified as:
chemoheterotrophs
The reactions in the pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle break down glucose into smaller molecules. Therefore, these pathways
are catabolic pathways
The second law of thermodynamics states that:
the universe becomes more disorderly over time.
Kangaroo rats live in the desert of the southwestern United States. They have many adaptations to minimize water loss. They obtain a small amount of water from seeds that they eat. However, the rest of the water they obtain is from cellular respiration
This could be true, as water is produced in cellular respiration.
Which of the following statements is true regarding aerobic respiration?
None of the other answer options is correct.
The approximate yield of ATP molecules from the full oxidation of a molecule of glucose is:
32
Which one of the following represents the reduced forms of the two major electron carriers?
NADH and FADH2
The electron transport chain is part of:
oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of energy through living systems?
light ‣photosynthesis ‣carbohydrate ‣cellular respiration ‣ATP ‣heat
In plants and algae, __________ is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis.
H2O
Where is the photosynthetic electron transport chain located in plant cells?
in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast
The reducing agent during the Calvin cycle is:
NADPH
Beginning with the step catalyzed by rubisco, arrange the steps in the Calvin cycle in the proper sequence in which they occur
carboxylation, reduction, regeneration
Which type of cell signaling does not rely on the diffusion of a chemical signal molecule?
juxtacrine
Communication between neurons is an example of which type of cell signaling
paracrine
The high variability of the types of G protein–coupled receptors allows for:
different types of cells to respond to different types of signals
An increased heart rate caused by the release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands is an example of _______________________________.
endocrine signaling
Which statement most accurately explains how some signals are amplified?
Second messengers are produced.
Plasmodesmata are cell-cell junctions that can be found between ________.
plant cells
The shape of cells is determined and maintained by structural protein networks in the cytoplasm called the _________
cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton of animal cells includes:
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
________________ is (are) the most common ECM protein fiber(s), is (are) more elastic than cellulose and forms a flexible extracellular layer.
Collagen
the plasma membrane’s phospholipid bilayer has numerous proteins. Which of the following is NOT a protein associated with the plasma membrane?
transintegral proteins
A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells are produced and what number of chromosomes do they have?
2 daughter cells, 10 chromosomes each
Mitosis is the process of chromosome separation. Cytoplasm is divided between the two daughter cells in a process known as ________
cytokinesis
Which sequence of the cell cycle is common to eukaryotes?
G1 to S to G2 to M to cytokinesis
Homologous chromosomes ________.
carry information for the same traits
Crossing over occurs during
prophase I
Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?
This setup enables the plant to absorb energy from sunlight from a variety of wavelengths
Which of the following statements is NOT true of mitosis?
Homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase.
Dynein motor proteins use ATP energy to:
carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction.
