exam 1 Flashcards
The study of how organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment in nature is called:
ecology
In some experiments, several identical groups are set up, keeping conditions similar among them. In the _____ group, a change is deliberately introduced. In the _____ group, this change is not introduced. In this way, the researcher can determine if the change has an effect.
test; control
A major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that:
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
Imagine walking through a tropical rainforest. You notice that there are different types of trees, birds, insects, and other organisms. A few weeks later you are taking a walk through the desert and notice that the trees, birds, insects, and other organisms are different than those you saw in the rainforest. Which of the following statements BEST explains the differences between each of these ecological systems?
Organisms in each ecological system have evolved in that system and have adaptations suited for that environment.
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the scientific approach to learning?
observation → question → hypothesis → experiment
The feature of an experiment that is changed from one treatment to the next is referred to as a(n):
variable
Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, mutualism:
results in gain for both individuals.
Humans have affected life on Earth in which of the following ways?
Many species have been driven to extinction.
We are contributing to the carbon, nitrogen, and other biogeochemical cycles.
We have altered or destroyed the habitat of many species.
Some species have actually benefited from human activities.
All organisms use which of the following molecules to carry out metabolic reactions?
ATP
Translation is the process by which:
proteins are synthesized from RNA molecules.
Observations allow scientists to draw tentative explanations called hypotheses.
true
When small molecules are linked together to form larger molecules, the increase in entropy typically comes from:
heat
_____ is NOT a domain of life
Protists
Ecological relationships reflect the _____ traits of organisms in nature.
behavioral, physiological, and biomechanical
Imagine that you are standing in a field and you see a group of butterflies. You notice an individual that looks significantly different from the other butterflies in the population. This difference allows the butterfly to escape predation more efficiently than other butterflies in the population. How might this trait have arisen in the individual?
There was a random mutation in a gene that led to differences in the ability to escape predation.
Which of the following is an example of the first law of thermodynamics in action?
Light energy is transformed into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
The designation of a magnesium ion as Mg2+ indicates an atom that has:
lost two electrons and is positively charged.
Isomers are defined as:
molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures.
The ability of atoms to attract electrons is referred to as:
electronegativity.
A pair of shared valence electrons is referred to as a(n):
covalent bond
The linkage of one amino acid to another amino acid in a protein is referred to as a(n):
peptide bond.
Triacylglycerols are used primarily for:
energy storage
Which of the following correctly lists the simple molecules that were generated by Stanly Miller and others in experiments that attempted to replicate the conditions on Earth under which life may have originated?
simple sugars, amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides
Which one of the following elements is found in every organic molecule?
carbon
