exam 2 key

Question 1

ch 7

the electron transport chain:

Answer 1

is a series of redox reactions

Question 2

ch 7

the terminal electron acceptor during respiration is:

Answer 2

O2

Question 3

ch 7

what is the net gain from a molecule of glucose during the krebs cycle?

Answer 3

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 4

ch 7

the final product(s) of pyruvate oxidation is (are)

Answer 4

acetyl CoA, CO2, NADH

Question 5

ch 7

glucose processing has four components. Which component takes place in the cytosol?

Answer 5

glycolysis

Question 6

ch 7

in chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions (protons) pass through:

Answer 6

ATP synthase

Question 7

ch 7

how many ATP are produced during glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

ch 7

which of the following statements about NAD+ is true?

Answer 8

NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis , pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle

Question 9

ch 7

which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent?

Answer 9

glycolysis

Question 10

ch 8

the process of splitting water to release hydrogens and electrons occurs during the __ process.

Answer 10

light dependent

Question 11

ch 8

carbon dioxide enters the leaf through __.

Answer 11

stomata

Question 12

ch 8

the final electron acceptor(s) associated with photosystem I is/are:

Answer 12

NADP

Question 13

ch 8

all of the following compounds are required for photosynthesis except:

Answer 13

O2

Question 14

ch 8
besides proteins, thylakoid membranes must contain a large number of __ molecules in the reaction centers in order to harvest light energy.

Answer 14

pigment

Question 15

ch 8
the electrons of photosystem II are excited and transferred to electron carriers. from which molecule or structure do the photosystem II replacement electrons come?

Answer 15

water

Question 16

ch 8

the colors of light in the visible range (from shortest wavelength to longest) is __.

Answer 16

VIBGYOR

Question 17

ch 8

chlorophylls absorb most light in what colors of the visible range?

Answer 17

violet and red

Question 18

ch 8

what event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll (or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)?

Answer 18

an electron is excited

Question 19

ch 9

which type of cell signaling does not rely on the diffusion of a chemical signal molecule?

Answer 19

juxtacrine

Question 20

ch 9

communication between neurons is an indication of which type of cell signaling?

Answer 20

paracrine

Question 21

ch 9

the high variability of the types of G-protien coupled receptors allows for:

Answer 21

different types of cells to respond to different types of signals

Question 22

ch 9

an increased heart rate caused by the release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands is an example of ________.

Answer 22

endocrine signaling

Question 23

ch 9

which statement most accurately explains how some signals are amplified?

Answer 23

second messengers are produced

Question 24

ch 9
a common GTP-binding molecule that links the receipt of an extracellular signal to the production of an intracellular one is __.

Answer 24

a G protein

Question 25

ch 9 | how is phosphorylation important in a signal transduction cascade?

Answer 25

phosphorylation will change the direction of target proteins, which triggers another response in the cell

Question 26

ch 9 | what does it mean to say a signal is transduced?

Answer 26

the physical form of the signal changes from one form to another

Question 27

ch 10 | plasmodesmata are cell-cell junctions that can be found between ___.

Answer 27

plant cells

Question 28

ch 10 | the shape of cells is determined and maintained by structural protein networks in the cytoplasm called the __.

Answer 28

cytoskeleton

Question 29

ch 10 | the cytoskeleton of animal cells includes:

Answer 29

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 30

``` ch 10 __ is (are) the most common form ECM protein fiber(s), is (are) more elastic than cellulose and forms a flexible extracellular layer. ```

Answer 30

collagen

Question 31

ch 10 the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer has numerous proteins. which of the following is a protein NOT associated w the plasma membrane?

Answer 31

transintegral proteins

Question 32

ch 10 | the __ are a group of cell adhesion proteins found in plasma membranes that bind only to other __ of the same type.

Answer 32

cadherins

Question 33

ch 10 | Myosin motor proteins use ATP energy to:

Answer 33

carry vesicles along a microfilament within a cell in a minus to plus direction

Question 34

ch 10 | cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Answer 34

tubulin

Question 35

ch 11 | select the mitotic stage or interphase shown by the cells below.

Answer 35

metaphase

Question 36

ch 11 a cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division. how many daughter cells are produces and what number of chromosomes do they have?

Answer 36

2 daughter cells; 10 chromosomes each

Question 37

ch 11 mitosis is the process of chromosome separation. cytoplasm is divided between the two daughter cells in a process known as __.

Answer 37

cytokinesis

Question 38

ch 11 | which sequence of the cell cycle is common to eukaryotes?

Answer 38

G1 to 5 to G2 to M to cytokinesis

Question 39

ch 11 | homologous chromosomes __.

Answer 39

carry information for the same traits

Question 40

ch 11 | the egg of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes. how many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of a fruit fly?

Answer 40

8

Question 41

ch 11 | crossing over occurs during

Answer 41

prophase I

Question 42

ch 11 | synapsis is a critical event in the progression of meiosis. what is the key outcome of a completed chromosomal synapsis?

Answer 42

side by side alignment of homologous chromosomes

Question 43

ch 11 the microtubule-organizing center found in animal cells is an identifiable structure present during all phases of the cell cycle. specifically, it is known as the __.

Answer 43

centrosome

Question 44

ch 12 | when we say that DNA replication is semiconservative, we mean that:

Answer 44

when DNA is replicated, each new double helix contains one parental strand and one newly synthesized daughter strand

Question 45

ch 12 | what attaches DNA nucleotides to an RNA primer?

Answer 45

DNA polymerase

Question 46

ch 12 | what relieves the stress on the replication fork caused by unwinding?

Answer 46

topoisomerase II

Question 47

ch 12 | what proofreads the growing DNA strands and replaces mismatched nucleotides?

Answer 47

DNA polymerase

Question 48

ch 12 | what enzyme would be the first to bind to the DNA sequences at the origin of replication?

Answer 48

DNA helicase

Question 49

ch 12 | which of the following places the PCR cycle in the correct sequence?

Answer 49

denaturation, healing, extension

Question 50

ch 12 | each round of PCR ___.

Answer 50

doubles the amount of DNA

Question 51

why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction center of photosystems?

Answer 51

this setup enables the plant to absorb energy from sunlight from a variety of wavelengths

Question 52

which is not true about mitosis?

Answer 52

homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase

Question 53

a human cell has 46 total or 23 pairs of chromosomes. following mitosis, the daughter cells would each have a total of __ chromosomes. after meiosis I, the two daughter cells would have __ chromosomes, and after meiosis II __ chromosomes.

Answer 53

46, 23, 23

Question 54

Dynein motor proteins use ATP energy to:

Answer 54

carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus to minus direction

Question 55

how does the Sanger method identify sequence?

Answer 55

lacks the 3' free hydroxyl group for the incoming nucleotides