Final (Previous Test Questions) Flashcards
What cells go through mitosis?
somatic cells
What cells go through meiosis?
gamete cells
How many daughter cells are produced through mitosis>
2
How many daughter cells are produced through meiosis?
4
What is the ploidy of each daughter cell after mitosis if the original diploid cell had 12 chromosomes?
2n=12
What is the ploidy of each daughter cell after meiosis if the original diploid cell had 12 chromosomes?
n=6
Subsets of the population diverge without geographic isolation
sympatric speciation
carry information for the same traits
Homologous chromosomes
If a cell has completed meiosis I and is just beginning meiosis II, what is an appropriate description of its contents?
It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis
Starting from the wild mustard, breeders have created the strains known as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cabbage. What is a correct statement?
In this wild mustard, there is enough heritable variation to permit these different varieties
What most likely the order of events in allopatric speciation?
genetic isolation, genetic drift, divergence
Most DNA sequence data analyzed so far indicate that there was probably little or no gene flow between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Which species concept is most applicable in this example?
biological
For a biologist studying a small fish population in the lab, which Hardy-Weinberg condition is easiest to meet?
no gene flow
What is the most predictable outcome of increased gene flow between two populations?
decreased genetic difference between the two populations
What criteria are required for sympatric speciation?
Stable polymorphism and Assortative mating
What would be the effect on climate in the temperate latitudes if Earth were to slow its rate of rotation from a 24-hour period to a 48-hour period?
There often would be a larger range between daytime high and nighttime low temperatures
Subtropical plants are commonplace in Land’s End, England, whose latitude is equivalent of Labrador in coastal Canada, where the local flora is subarctic. Which statement best explains why this apparent anomaly exists between North America and Europe?
Warm ocean currents interact with England, whereas cold ocean currents interact with Labrador
Coral reefs can be found on the southeast coast of the United States but not at similar latitudes on the southwest coast. What most likely accounts for this?
ocean currents
Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall is made possible by what?
The changes in density of water as seasonal temperatures change
During exponential growth, a population always…
grows at its maximum per capita rate
According to the logistic growth equation, dN/dt=rN(1-N/K)…
population growth is zero when N equals K
Which pair of terms most accurately describes life history traits for a stable population of wolves?
iteroparous and discrete periodicity
What kind of climate do you typically find K-selected individuals?
stable, mature climate
What kind of mimicry is occurring when two venomous snakes have similar markings?
Mullerian mimicry
What statement is consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion?
Even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to the elimination of the less well adapted of two competing species
Consider two old-growth forests: one is undisturbed while the other is being logged. In which region are species likely to experience exponential growth and why?
Logged, because the disturbed forest affords more resources for increased specific populations to grow
Beta diversity can be defined as…
the turnover of species along a spatial gradient
In the early part of the 20th century, two prominent ecologists proposed different models succession. Clements argued that biological communities have a highly predictable and interrelated structure. If we set up several identical plots in the same area and allowed them to be colonized, what should we predict?
Identical plant communities will develop in all plots
Describe top-down control.
community members keep each other in check due to factors like predation
Describe bottom-up control.
a population or community’s carrying capacity is limited by the plant population (lower trophic level)
Any species that has a disproportionate impact on the community relative to its abundance or biomass.
keystone species (top-down controlled environments)
Describe r-strategists.
- typically found in a less predictable environment
- generally smaller in size
- selection is toward high reproductive rates/younger age of first reproductive event/more offspring per cycle
- less parental care
- semelparous-continuous reproduction
- survivorship is low
Describe K-strategists
- more stable, predictable environment
- larger in size
- selected for competitive characteristics/higher survivorship/longer lives
- reproduce at older age/discrete iteroparous reproduction
- population is generally stable around the carrying capacity (K)
What is thought to be the correct sequence of events in the evolution of life on Earth?
- origin of cyanobacteria
- origin of mitochondria
- origin of chloroplasts
- origin of multicellular eukaryotes
- origin of fungal-plant smbioses
What is the most effective process for subsequently increasing the prevalence of a beneficial mutation in a population over the course of generations?
binary fission
A bacterium that lives in acid mine water, oxidizes sulfur and iron for energy to reduce CO2, and cannot survive without oxygen can be classified as…?
aerobic chemoautotroph
How do cell walls differ between Bacteria and Archaea?
Cell walls in bacteria are primarily made of peptidoglycan
All protists are…?
a eukaryotic paraphyletic group
