Final: Predation Flashcards
trophic guilds
-Grouped by feeding habits
-Changes with size/age
size-structured interactions
1;
- most predators eat prey whole, so they are gape-limited
- body size affects mouth gape
- gape affects prey availability
2:
-As predator grows, the kinds of food it can eat changes
- This is called “trophic ontogeny”
gape limitation (how big mouth is)
-eat whole food
- prey < mouth size
- trophic ontogeny and diet breath
-body size affects mouth gape
gape affects prey availabilty
trophic ontogeny
-as the gape mouth gets bigger it changes what food fish eats
-gape limitation and diet breath (range of food items it can eat, fish too big for mouth is above diet breath, fish too small dont give enough energy)
diet breadth
range of food items it can eat, fish too big for mouth is above diet breath, fish too small dont give enough energy
gape limit
how big of fish you can eat due to mouth size
handling time
- time limits consumption
type-I, type-II, type-III functional
responses (look at pic)
1; predator searches and handles simultaneously (/)
2; A: finding more prey, need more time to handle
B: handling time limits consumption
3; A: lag, predator lacks search image for prey at low densities
B; handling time limits consumption
search image
predator uses to identify prey
- recognize specific clues
numerical response
-conservation of prey to new predators
- change in abundance of a predator and change in density of its prey. new predators arise by reproduction and aggregative response
-a change in population size of a predator as a result of a change in density of its prey
crucian carp Carassius carassius
-Density of carp was not causing body depth changes throughout competition for food
-Stocking similar sized carp eliminated the ability of pike to eat only the small ones and leave deeper bodied ones behind, ruling out selective foraging as a mechanism.
-Something about the presence of a predator caused carp body depth to increase.
the scientific method
1; observations
2; question
3; hypothesis
4; predictions
5; test
inducible response
biochemical defenses
phenotypic plasticity
- traits confers advantages periodically
- when organisms can detect when to change its trait
- when the trait has a cost to be avoided when advantage not needed
adaptive radiation
The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches