Final Mock Test 8 Verbal Module 2 Flashcards
Ke Bi and colleagues relied on historical DNA (hDNA)—genomic data incidentally preserved in specimens housed in natural history collections—to investigate the evolutionary trajectory of the alpine chipmunk (Tamias alpinus). Although this approach offers unique benefits, such as the ability to contrast historical genomic data with present-day data, it remains a relatively underutilized resource because hDNA is often to some extent degraded, a situation not easily remediable under current methodological paradigms and with extant DNA extraction and analysis technologies.
Information in the text best supports which statement about hDNA?
A. It has thus far proved valuable mainly to researchers studying mammals.
B. It tends to be much more degraded than other types of DNA of comparable age.
C. It may be underused because of its controversial status among scientists
D. It may yield insights that other types of genomic data cannot.
D
Over time, marine mollusks called nautilids continually add segments to their shells, and the chemical composition of each segment is influenced by the available materials in the surrounding water when the segment forms. Paleontologist Amane Tajika and colleagues analyzed the septa (the walls between shell chambers) of one male (samples labeled “M”) and one female (samples labeled “F”) nautilid, finding that sample F07 had the same concentration of oxygen-18 as did water approximately 135 meters deep and that the oxygen-18 concentration in sample M24 matched that of water at approximately 370 meters deep. Tajika et al. concluded that sample F07 formed at a higher point in the water column than did M24.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers’ conclusion?
A. Among nautilids, there is no effect of sex on the uptake of oxygen-18 from water or its deposition in septa.
B. Male nautilids tend to show higher concentrations of oxygen-18 than do female nautilids inhabiting the same point in the water column.
C. In nautilids, sex predicts septa growth rate more strongly than does oxygen-18 concentration in the surrounding water.
D. Regardless of sex, nautilids spend most of their lives at depths of 50 meters or greater, where oxygen-18 concentrations typically differ from those higher in the water column.
A
The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA-ÉLCV) is a longitudinal study surveying approximately 1,000 individuals in Canadas to glean extended trends in aging. To carry out the necessary sampling of the population over many years, CLSA-ÉLCV needs extensive financial support, but this method provides valuable insights into causal relationships. However, when questions of causation are irrelevant, as with a fitness study seeking only to reveal the percentage of regular exercises in a city who do weight training, longitudinal methods are unnecessary, and so _____
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A. longitudinal methods are suitable for studies of aging but ought to be avoided for those of fitness.
B. conclusions drawn from CLSA-ÉLCV are likely to be more authoritative than those from the fitness study.
C. the success of the fitness study likely requires significantly less financial outlay than that needed for CLSA- ÉLCV.
D. the expense of CLSA- ÉLCV is likely greater than the cost of longitudinal studies of fitness.
C
The many editions of James Joyce’s 1922 novel Ulysses are not textually identical, and scholars debate which versions reflect Joyce’s authorial intent. One no longer widely read edition is the 1984 “critical and synoptic edition” edited by Hans Walter Gabler, which followed French and German editorial theories rather than editorial traditions of the United States and United Kingdom and which was later found to have introduced errors due to Gabler’s choice to consult facsimile manuscripts rather than using only originals. However, few Joyce scholars worldwide had expertise in such textual issues, and most of those who did worked on the edition with Gabler. So, it is unsurprising that initial scholarly reviews of the 1984 edition were mostly _______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A. negative, since those Joyce scholars with the necessary expertise to write a review of the 1984 edition would be aware that facsimile manuscripts cannot be produced with a high enough fidelity to the original to ensure that relying on them will not introduce editorial errors.
B. positive, since Ulysses is a novel in English and the 1984 edition would therefore be more widely reviewed in the United States and United Kingdom publications than in French and German publications.
C. positive, since scholars who reviewed the 1984 edition were unaffiliated with its production and were mostly either Joyce specialists who were largely unfamiliar with editorial theories and practices or specialists in such theories and practices who were insufficiently familiar with Joyce.
D. negative, since any scholar with expertise in editorial theories of the United States and United Kingdom as well as French and German editorial theories most likely worked with Gabler on the 1984 edition and would therefore not review it.
C
In Puerto Rico, it’s not unusual for a city or town to be known by a nickname that corresponds to one of its notable features, like landscape, climate, famous residents, or chief exports. For example, the Puerto Rican municipality of Aibonito has also been called “the City of Flowers,” a nickname that alludes to what the area is well ____ its lush greenery.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. known for;
B. known: for
C. known for:
D. known for
C
precursor
tiền thân
vacillating
dao động , fluctuating
banal
tầm thường , mediocre
