Final: Lecture 33

Question 0

Insulin is released during eating, tells body to _______ fuel.

Answer 0

• Store
• Glucose–>glycolysis–>pryuvate–>citrate–>FA
• packages into triglycerols, lipid proteins, then adipose tissue
• Glycogen loads up in liver

Question 1

______ and ______ are two hormones that modulate metabolic pathways.

Answer 1

• Insulin: (secreted by the pancreas) reports on the status of blood glucose
• Leptin: (secreted by the adipocytes) reports on the status of TAG stores

Question 2

When fasting, you can secrete ________, mobilize fuels since they are low.

Answer 2

• Glucagon

* Gluconeogynsis and glycogenolisis

Question 3

Effects of Leptin

Answer 3

• Increase in insulin sensitivity (muscle and liver)
• GLUT transporters get glucose into cells, GLUT 4 found in muscle cells, not found on surface, found in vesicles below that are stimulated by insulin
• Stimulations of ß-oxidation of FA
• Inhibition of TAG synthesis

Question 4

Increase leptin levels _______ appetite.

Answer 4

•Suppress

Question 5

Appetite stimulators:

Answer 5

• NPY: neuro peptide Y

* AgRP: agouti-related peptide

Question 6

Appetite suppressors:

Answer 6

• POMC: pro-opimelanocortin

* MSH: (comes from POMC) melanocyte stimulating hormones

Question 7

RBP4 and resistin are additional hormones adipose secrete

Answer 7

• Makes a resistance of insulin (first step in type II diabetes)
• This is a problem in obese people

Question 8

Excess insulin can cause leptin resistance

Answer 8

•Inhibition of the signal transduction cascade, don’t need to know all the step on obesity slide

Question 9

GLP-1 and CCK are appetite suppressors:

Answer 9

• Synthesized in the intestine when lots of food comes in

* Have roles in telling the brain you are full

Question 10

Type I diabetes

Answer 10

•Autoimmune disease where ß=cell production is low, so insulin production is low

Question 11

Type II diabetes

Answer 11

•ß-cells not actively dying off, but not working properly

Question 12

GSIS

Answer 12

• Glucose stiulated insulin secretion, glucose comes in, makes ATP
• Causes K+ to go out of the cell
• Ca to come into cell
• Causes Ca to bring insulin into cell