Final: Lecture 11 Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
-cranium plus vertebral column
Cervical Vertebral Column Movements
- Flexion and extension
- lateral flexion
- rotation (greatest)
The atlas rotates around the….
-Dens (odontoid) process
Thoracic Outlet Syndrom
- an extra rib in the lower cervical region that can cause impingement of large vessels or nerves
- can also be caused by fractured clavicle, extra muscle or scar tissue, bad posture in head and shoulders, and anatomical variation
Transverse process
-facets for ribs (except T1 and T12)
Cervical Vertebral Column
Body: small wider side to side
Spinous Process: short, bifid, project posteriorly
Foramen: triangular
Transverse: have foramina
Superior/Inferior articular processes: directed superoposteriorly
Movements: flexion/extension, lateral flexion, rotation (greatest)
Thoracic Vertebral Column
Body: larger, heart-shaped, costal facets
Spinous: long & sharp, project inferiorly
Foramen: circular
Transverse process: facets for ribs (except T1 and T12)
Superior/Inferior articular process: superior directed post, inferior anterior
Movements: rotation, lateral flexion is limited, flexion/extension prevented
Lumbar Vertebral Column
Body: massive, kidney-shaped
Spinous process: short & blunt, rectangular, projects posteriorly
Foramen: triangular
Transverse process: thin and tapered
Superior/inferior articular process: superior posteromedially, inferior anterolaterally or laterally
Movements: flexion/extension, some lateral flexion, rotation prevented
Sacrum and Coccyx
- sacrum comprised of 5 fused vertebrae
- strength and stability to pelvis
- houses and anchors inferior part of spinal cord
- attaches to end are 3-4 small fused vertebrae called coccyx (tail bone)
Which two bones make up the pectoral girdle?
-clavicle and scapula
What are the upper limb muscles that attach to the clavicle?
-pectoralis major, subclavius, trapezius, and deltoid
Coracoid process of Scapula are…
- short head of biceps brachii
- coracobachialis
- pectoralis minor
What muscles make up your rotator cuff?
-supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
What muscle lets you raise your arm the last bit upward?
-serratus anterior
Humerus head
-articulates with glenoid of scapula
Humerus lesser tubercle
-attachment of subscapularis
Humerus greater tubercle
-attachment of rest of rotator cuff muscles
Humerus bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)
-for long tendon of biceps brachii
Humerus deltoid tuberosity
-attachment of deltoid muscles
Humerus midshaft
-provides attachment for coracobrachialis and brachialis muscles
Bicipital Groove (intertubercular sulcus)
- long tendon of biceps brachii
- between greater and lesser tubercles
Deltoid Tuberosity and Midshaft of Humerus
- DT insertion for deltoid muscle
- brachialis originates on the anterior aspects of midshaft
- coracobrachialis inserts on medial aspects of midshaft
Distal Humerus
- Medial epicondyle provides origin for wrist and finger flexors (common flexor origin)
- Lateral epicondyle provides origin for wrist and finger extensors (common extensor origin)
- articulation with radius and ulna forms elbow joint
Medial epicondyle of humerus, flexor or extensor?
- Common flexor origin
- Lateral Extensor
Head of radius
-articulates with capitulum of humerus and radial notch or ulna
Radial tuberosity
-provides attachment site for biceps brachii tendon (flexor and extensor)
Radial shaft
-provides attachment sites for pronators and supinators of forearm, as well as some flexors and extensors of wrist and fingers
Distal end of radius
-articulates with the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones
Trochlear notch of ulna (semilunar notch)
-articulates with trochlea of humerus to form the stable hinge joint of elbow
Coronoid process of ulna
-provides insertion point for brachialis and origin for pronator teres
Olecranon process of ulna (elbow)
-provides insertion for the triceps tendon
Ulnar shaft
-provides origin for pronator quadratus and supinator as well as digital extensors
Distal ulna
-does not articulate with the carpal bones
Flexors and extensors of the wrist have their insertions on the _______
-Carpals
Flexors and extensors of the digits have their insertions on _________.
-phalanges
The intrinsic muscles of the hand mostly originate and insert on _______, but some insert on structures associated with phalanges.
-metacarpals
