Final Lab Quiz Flashcards
four functions of vitamin C in the human body?
formation of collagen, the absorption of iron, the functioning of the immune system, and wound healing
What is the RDA for vitamin C for males, females, and smokers?
The RDA for vitamin C for males is 90 mg., 75 mg. for females, and the normal RDA plus an additional 35 mg for those who smoke.
Describe three factors that can decrease the vitamin C content of foods and/or beverages during processing?
light, heat, and air
What is the DV (amount in mg) for vitamin C?
90 mg
Describe what pasteurization is and why it is necessary for processing juice
Pasteurization is a process in which packaged and non-packaged foods are treated with mild heat to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life. Pasteurization is necessary for processing juice because it kills harmful bacteria and microorganisms which could otherwise end up in the juice.
How many essential amino acids are there? How about non-essential amino acids?
There are 9 essential amino acids and 11 non-essential amino acids.
What are complementary proteins?
Complementary proteins are two or more foods that, when combined, contain all essential amino acids.
Provide an example of ingredients used in a recipe in lab that demonstrated the concept of complementary proteins
In lab, there was a smoothie made with tofu and a black bean burger served on a bun.
Explain the differences between a vegan diet, a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet, a pesco-vegetarian diet, and a pollo-vegetarian diet
A vegan diet excludes all animal products, a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet excludes all animal flesh but does include eggs and dairy products, a pesco-vegetarian diet excludes all animal flesh except fish, and a pollo-vegetarian diet excludes all animal flesh except chicken.
List two health benefits a person may receive from following a vegetarian diet
A person that follows a vegetarian diet may have a lower body weight and a reduced risk of chronic disease.
List four nutrients of concern when following a vegetarian/vegan diet
calcium, protein, Vitamin D, and iron
Some vegetarians, but more so vegans, may be at risk for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. List a vegan food source used in a lab recipe that would contribute vitamin B12 to the diet
nutritional yeast
In high-income countries, what four markers of socioeconomic status (SES) have been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease
income level, educational attainment, employment status, and environmental factors
What factors can contribute to CVD-related mortality being higher in low income individuals?
disparities in standards of care and a lack of access to quality care
There is a strong correlation between education and health literacy. What is one reason poor health literacy may lead to higher CVD risk?
The association between health literacy and outcomes may be partially mediated
by poor reading comprehension, which has an indirect effect on CHD risk
What dietary and lifestyle mediators explained almost half of the increased CHD risk?
Alcohol consumption and smoking
Explain how each of the following might be different in disadvantaged areas, thus impacting CHD risk: a) physical features; b) social characteristics; c) dietary options
a. ) A disadvantaged area may not have many sidewalks or recreational spaces, along with transportation access.
b. ) A disadvantaged area may lack safety, social support, and community cohesion. In addition, different types of deprivation may be present.
c. ) A disadvantaged area may not have many food outlets or supermarkets, which results in decreased access to healthy foods that are affordable.
List two psychosocial factors that are strongly associated with adverse CVD outcomes which may unevenly affect individuals of low SES.
Stress and depression
What risk factors can behavioral counseling address?
cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus incidence
What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose?
between 70 and 99 mg/dL
Why is maintaining blood glucose levels in the normal range important for long term health?
it can help prevent heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. It can also help improve your energy and mood
What are some signs and symptoms of persistently elevated blood glucose?
thirst, headaches, trouble concentrating, blurred vision, frequent urination, and fatigue
What does insulin do to blood glucose? What does glucagon do to blood glucose?
Insulin helps keep the glucose in the blood within a normal range by taking glucose out of the bloodstream and moving it into cells throughout the body. Glucagon works with the liver to turn a type of stored sugar called glycogen into glucose. It also increases a person’s blood sugar levels and prevents it from dropping too low.
In the US, what is the average daily intake of fiber for adults and how does it compare to the recommended intake of fiber for adults?
In the U.S., adults average about 15 grams of fiber per day, and the recommended total dietary fiber intake should be 25 to 30 grams a day