Final: IMPORTANT THINGS TO KNOW Flashcards
ABCDEF MODEL
○ Activating event-external and objective source of discomfort
○ Belief about the event- evaluating the stimulus as positive, negative, or neutral
■ Can be rational or irrational
○ Consequences of the belief
■ If the belief is irrational, consequences are likely to be unhealthy or harmful and might include inappropriate and self-destructive emotions
■ Rational beliefs usually lead to healthier and more constructive consequences such as appropriate emotions and behaviors
○ Dispute- debate
■ Exploration of beliefs and consequences to determine whether they are rational or irrational
○ Effective new thoughts and beliefs
■ Describing the desired outcome of the disputation
○ Develop more beneficial Feelings, emotions, and behaviors
LEVELS OF COGNITIONS
○ Automatic- thoughts occur without effort or choice
○ Intermediate Beliefs- reflect extreme and absolute rules and attitudes
○ Core Beliefs- central ideas about ourselves that underlie automatic thoughts
○ Scheme-cognitive structures that encompass core beliefs, habitual ways of viewing oneself
and the world
PROS AND CONS OF WORKING WITH BEHAVIORS, THOUGHTS, OR EMOTIONS
○ BEHAVIORS
■ PROS- Easy to address because it is usually presenting issue, easily accessible, easy to measure, empirically supported, most people are comfortable talking about behavior rather than thoughts/emotions, short-term therapy
■ CONS- superficial treatment, limited short-term results if thoughts and feelings aren’t also addressed
● Is best used with other therapies p. 324 -
● Exclusive focus on actions can lead clinicians and client to ignore thoughts
and feelings that need attention and are important to solidify change.
○ THOUGHTS
■ PROS- Easily accessible, amenable to analysis and change, relatively rapid, increase motivation and optimism, empowering, useful to a broad range of clients
● Treatment is effective at ameliorating the most common concerns presented for treatment
● Useful with broad range of disorders and clients
● Well received by most people because it is clear and logical
● Does not require people to share intimate details of their past or focus extensively on their emotions
● Empowering non-threatening
● Has a broad range of interventions and can be integrated with many other
treatment approaches
■ CONS- Homework regularly assigned high motivation from client to engage, not for
everyone, short-term and can move too rapidly, does not focus on insight
● Structured approach that requires people to assume an active & collaborative role in their treatment and to complete suggested tasks between sessions.
● Cognitive therapy stresses present-oriented, relatively brief treatment
● Not good for people who are reluctant to participate in their own treatment,
are intellectually limited, or are unmotivated to make change. P. 310
○ EMOTIONS
■ PROS- Holistic, o ptimistic, often the catalyst of what brings people in for counseling, caring and understanding, promotes clients expression, hopeful. Normalizes feeling, easy to formulate treatment goals
■ CONS- Can be hard to articulate emotions one may be feeling, cultural barriers or inappropriateness of discussing emotions, long-term treatment to get to the root of emotions, client must be authentic and honest about feelings and ready to change
INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES, THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY
○ Clinicians need expertise in a range of treatment systems so they can draw on those
approaches in creating a treatment plan p. 432 - also see p. 431 for list need more ugly
○ Clinician who prefer eclectic or integrative treatment approaches have a professional role
that is more comprehensive and challenging than that of a clinician with a specific theoretical
orientation.
○ Unless an intuitive or underlying logic prevails, clinicians whose work reflects atheoretical
eclecticism run the risk of syncretism (treatment with no direction)
○ Must be careful to think through treatment plan for each client to make sure the parts make
up a seamless whole
○ Integrated and eclectic approaches bring flexibility to the treatment process enabling
clinicians to tailor their work to specific clients and concerns finding best fit between
treatment and client.
○ May offer more options for people from diverse backgrounds
○ Allows clinicians to adopt standard treatment approaches to their own beliefs about human
growth and development as well as to their natural style and personality
○ Probably demands more of the clinicians than does adherence to one specific theory
■ Most common combination of theories in descending order
1. Cognitive & Behavioral
2. Humanistic & Cognitive
3. Psychoanalytic & Cognitive
STAGES OF CHANGE
○ Transtheoretical Model of change (Prochaska)
● Five stages of change: clients go through stages as they engage in treatment and that treatment must be matched to a person’s level of readiness for change
○ precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination
■ Precontemplation- client does not believe there is a problem
■ Contemplation- Budding idea that there may indeed be a problem
■ Preparation- Sincerely wants to change and is ready to develop a plan and strategies
■ Action- Develop a new pattern of behavior after following plan
■ Maintenance- Establish new behavior pattern for a prolonged period of time; new behavior becoming stable part of lifestyle
■ Termination- Ultimate goal is to terminate counseling once adaptive behavior is maintained
■ Relapse - Resumption of old behaviors; can relapse back to any of the stages
