final exam urinary and reproductive

Question 1

urinary and genital system develops from?

Answer 1

mesonephric mesenchyme

Question 2

where do the urinary and genital system extend along?

Answer 2

the paraxial mesoderm from the 7th to 28th somite level

Question 3

the urinary system gives rise to?

Answer 3

nephrogenic cord

Question 4

the genital system gives rise to?

Answer 4

genital ridge

Question 5

what are the 3 distinct types of kidneys?

Answer 5

1st-pronephroi, 2nd-mesonephroi, 3rd-metanephroi

Question 6

when does kidney development start?

Answer 6

the 3rd week

Question 7

describe characteristics for open tubules?

Answer 7

• external glomerulus
• drain into coleum
• neither glomerulus or tubules associate with each other

Question 8

describe characteristics of closed tubules?

Answer 8

• internal glomerulus
• s shaped
• tubules and glomerulus associate with eachother

Question 9

pronephroi- 1st set of kidneys, describe?

Answer 9

rudimentary, very little function, found in fishes and amphibians; 4 pairs of tubules

Question 10

mesonephroi- 2nd set of kidneys, describe?

Answer 10

well developed and function briefly, 38 pairs of tubules; closed tubules- internal

Question 11

some of the mesonephric tubules in males are different than females how?

Answer 11

males-remain intact- genital duct system

females- none retained

Question 12

metanephroi- 3rd set, describe?

Answer 12

• permanent kidneys, develop in 5th week
• internal glomerulus, closed tubules
• each kidney has 2 million nephrons

Question 13

development of urinary system happens when?

Answer 13

7th week; mesodermal mass divides cloacal into cloacal septum*

Question 14

the allantois in a fetus is known as?

Answer 14

urachus

Question 15

the allantois in an adult is?

Answer 15

median umbilical ligament

Question 16

the allantois is continuous with?

Answer 16

the bladder, it becomes vestigial

Question 17

renal agenesis (missing kidneys) unilateral vs bilateral

Answer 17

unilateral- compatible with life

bilateral- potter syndrome, only compatible in utero

Question 18

congenital cystic kidney type 1

Answer 18

found in infants, early death without dialysis and transplants; giant sponge kidneys

Question 19

congenital cystic kidney type 2

Answer 19

variable in size and shape, unilateral, cysts grow larger with age

Question 20

CCK type 3

Answer 20

normal and abnormal tissue, both kidneys involved, cysts normal at birth; found in trisomy 13-15, 18, 21, 22

Question 21

CCK type 5

Answer 21

could see in clinic, manifests as adult but present before birth, onset around 40, death at 50 if not treated; LB pain and kidney infections

Question 22

when kidneys are fused at both ends its called?

Answer 22

horseshoe or donut kidney

Question 23

renal tumors in children

Answer 23

wilms tumors- rapid growth and metastases

Question 24

reproductive system develops?

Answer 24

5th-6th week; can’t be detected til at least 8th week

Question 25

where do the gonads develop?

Answer 25

coelomic epithelium, inner mesenchyme tissue

Question 26

the development of cells cause a ridge to bulge into coleum, this is called?

Answer 26

genital ridge- it is covered by coelum epithelium; mesenchyme makes up inner mass

Question 27

the cells within the genital ridge arrange themselves into cords which grow into underlying mesenchyme, these are called?

Answer 27

primary sex cords

Question 28

the indifferent gonad has what 2 layers?

Answer 28

cortex- outer layer, females it develops

medulla- inner layer, in males it develops

Question 29

genital ducts are formed in?

Answer 29

males- mesonephric ducts play an important role as well

Question 30

paramesonephric ducts are formed in?

Answer 30

females- develop on each side, eventually develops into uterus and vagina

Question 31

the genitalia also pass through a what?

Answer 31

an indifferent stage

Question 32

accessory sex glands are only found in?

Answer 32

males- seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

Question 33

what is ovarian hypoplasia (turners syndrome)?

Answer 33

UNILATERAL OR BILATERAL; ovaries small in size, poor breast development, small uterus

Question 34

unilateral ovarian hypoplasia

Answer 34

can give birth to normal infant

Question 35

bilateral ovarian hypoplasia

Answer 35

cannot give birth, very few primordial germ cells

Question 36

when germ cells do not migrate from the yolk sac?

Answer 36

pure gonadal dysgenesis

Question 37

androgen insensitivity or testicular feminization syndrome

Answer 37

appears as normal female but has testes 46, XY

Question 38

androgenital syndrome

Answer 38

excessive androgen production from adrenals, masculinization from high androgen levels; ovaries, uterus masculization external genitalia

Question 39

70% of hermaphrodites are?

Answer 39

chromatin positive