final exam urinary and reproductive Flashcards
urinary and genital system develops from?
mesonephric mesenchyme
where do the urinary and genital system extend along?
the paraxial mesoderm from the 7th to 28th somite level
the urinary system gives rise to?
nephrogenic cord
the genital system gives rise to?
genital ridge
what are the 3 distinct types of kidneys?
1st-pronephroi, 2nd-mesonephroi, 3rd-metanephroi
when does kidney development start?
the 3rd week
describe characteristics for open tubules?
- external glomerulus
- drain into coleum
- neither glomerulus or tubules associate with each other
describe characteristics of closed tubules?
- internal glomerulus
- s shaped
- tubules and glomerulus associate with eachother
pronephroi- 1st set of kidneys, describe?
rudimentary, very little function, found in fishes and amphibians; 4 pairs of tubules
mesonephroi- 2nd set of kidneys, describe?
well developed and function briefly, 38 pairs of tubules; closed tubules- internal
some of the mesonephric tubules in males are different than females how?
males-remain intact- genital duct system
females- none retained
metanephroi- 3rd set, describe?
- permanent kidneys, develop in 5th week
- internal glomerulus, closed tubules
- each kidney has 2 million nephrons
development of urinary system happens when?
7th week; mesodermal mass divides cloacal into cloacal septum*
the allantois in a fetus is known as?
urachus
the allantois in an adult is?
median umbilical ligament
the allantois is continuous with?
the bladder, it becomes vestigial
renal agenesis (missing kidneys) unilateral vs bilateral
unilateral- compatible with life
bilateral- potter syndrome, only compatible in utero
congenital cystic kidney type 1
found in infants, early death without dialysis and transplants; giant sponge kidneys
congenital cystic kidney type 2
variable in size and shape, unilateral, cysts grow larger with age
CCK type 3
normal and abnormal tissue, both kidneys involved, cysts normal at birth; found in trisomy 13-15, 18, 21, 22
CCK type 5
could see in clinic, manifests as adult but present before birth, onset around 40, death at 50 if not treated; LB pain and kidney infections
when kidneys are fused at both ends its called?
horseshoe or donut kidney
renal tumors in children
wilms tumors- rapid growth and metastases
reproductive system develops?
5th-6th week; can’t be detected til at least 8th week
where do the gonads develop?
coelomic epithelium, inner mesenchyme tissue
the development of cells cause a ridge to bulge into coleum, this is called?
genital ridge- it is covered by coelum epithelium; mesenchyme makes up inner mass
the cells within the genital ridge arrange themselves into cords which grow into underlying mesenchyme, these are called?
primary sex cords
the indifferent gonad has what 2 layers?
cortex- outer layer, females it develops
medulla- inner layer, in males it develops
genital ducts are formed in?
males- mesonephric ducts play an important role as well
paramesonephric ducts are formed in?
females- develop on each side, eventually develops into uterus and vagina
the genitalia also pass through a what?
an indifferent stage
accessory sex glands are only found in?
males- seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
what is ovarian hypoplasia (turners syndrome)?
UNILATERAL OR BILATERAL; ovaries small in size, poor breast development, small uterus
unilateral ovarian hypoplasia
can give birth to normal infant
bilateral ovarian hypoplasia
cannot give birth, very few primordial germ cells
when germ cells do not migrate from the yolk sac?
pure gonadal dysgenesis
androgen insensitivity or testicular feminization syndrome
appears as normal female but has testes 46, XY
androgenital syndrome
excessive androgen production from adrenals, masculinization from high androgen levels; ovaries, uterus masculization external genitalia
70% of hermaphrodites are?
chromatin positive
