final exam cardiovascular system

Question 1

cardiovascular system develops?

Answer 1

3rd week

Question 2

angiogenesis is?

Answer 2

development of new blood vessels

Question 3

angioblasts

Answer 3

stem cells that give rise to blood vessels

Question 4

paired vessels form longitudinal vessels in which week?

Answer 4

3rd week; 1st pair dorsal aorta

Question 5

which structure returns blood from the yolk sac?

Answer 5

vitelline veins- deoxygenated

Question 6

which structure brings blood from the chorion(placenta)?

Answer 6

umbilical veins- oxygenated

Question 7

which structure returns blood from body?

Answer 7

cardinal veins

Question 8

describe the process of the development of the heart

Answer 8

2 thin walled endothelial tubes which are a continuation of the 1st aortic arches eventually fuse to form a single tube

Question 9

what gives the heart an s shape?

Answer 9

the bulbus and ventricle grow faster than the rest of the heart giving it its shape

Question 10

in order to achieve the heart chambers what are the 2 types of tissue formation?

Answer 10

tissue growth and overgrowth

Question 11

tissue growth involves 2 or more tissues approaching each other on the same plane

Answer 11

they then fuse together to make 2 chambers- septum

Question 12

overgrowth of the chamber in the developing ventricle except for narrow strip which does not grow

Answer 12

tissue grows on either side of the strip and walls expand to form septum- overgrowth

Question 13

what is the sickle shaped crest or roof of atrium

Answer 13

septum primum

Question 14

what is the opening between septum primum and endocardial cushion?

Answer 14

ostium primum

Question 15

what is the opening in the septum primum?

Answer 15

ostium secundum

Question 16

what is the opening in the septum secundum?

Answer 16

oval foramen

Question 17

before birth blood enters the right atrium from the inferior vena cava to the left atrium

Answer 17

interatrial shunt

Question 18

probe latency of the oval foramen happens when?

Answer 18

the septum primum and septum secundum don’t fuse- 25% of people

Question 19

what method is used for developing the ventricle septa?

Answer 19

overgrowth method for ventricle chamber

Question 20

what are the stages for contraction of the heart?

Answer 20

ebb and flow circulation begins on day 22

28-30 heart has unidirectional blood flow with contractions

Question 21

describe the circulation of the fetus

Answer 21

oxygenated blood enter fetus from placenta via veins

deoxygenated blood leaves via arteries

Question 22

shunts in fetal pulmonary trunk that divert blood back to aorta are called?

Answer 22

ductus arteriosus

Question 23

shunts in fetal heart that cause deoxygenated blood to bypass fetus developing liver to reach vena cava are called?

Answer 23

ductus venous

Question 24

5th week ridges form in walls of?

Answer 24

truncus and bulbus which fuse to form spiral septum

Question 25

the septum of the truncus and bulbus separate

Answer 25

cavum aorticum and cavum pulmonare

Question 26

when heart is located through the sternal fissure either neck or diaphragmatic hernia its called

Answer 26

ectopic cordis- life expectancy limited

Question 27

when heart is located in the right hemithorax its called

Answer 27

dextra cardia

Question 28

a small patent foramen ovale or complete absence which creates loud systolic murmur is called

Answer 28

atrial septal defect ADS- can be tolerated into adulthood

Question 29

harsh systolic murmur- erb’s point

Answer 29

ventricular septal defect VSD- considered harmless, can spontaneously close

Question 30

describe tetralogy of fallot

Answer 30

1 pulmonary stenosis
2 ventricular septal defect
3 overriding aorta
4 right ventricular hypertrophy