final exam nervous system Flashcards
describe the 4 positional changes of the spinal cord
3rd month- cord extends length of embryo
6th month- end of cord level with 1st sacral vert
birth- level with 2-3 lumbar
adult- 1st lumbar
midbrain or mesencephalon flexure
cephalic flexure- causes head to bend ventrally
junction of myelencephalon and spinal cord flexure
cervical flexure
metencephalon and myelencephalon flexure
pontine flexure
forebrain
prosencephalon- tele and dien
midbrain
mesencephalon
hindbrain
rhombencephalon- pons cerebellum myelencephalon-medulla
drugs for which studies have not shown risk to fetus
A
drugs with no human studies only animal studies have shown effect
B
drug studies in both human and animals inadequate
C
drugs can definitely cause harm to fetus but can benefit mother
D
drugs harm fetus and no benefit to mother
X
objective evidence of disease
sign
subjective evidence of disease
symptoms
set of symptoms and sign together
syndromes
study of cause of disease
etiology
critical periods of development
3-7 week- cardiac
4-6- ears
4-8- eyes
4-7- limbs
autosomal chromosomes are placed in various numbered pairs and placed into groups
standard classification
trisomy 21
down syndrome- hypotonia, poor moro reflex, flat facial profile
xxy klinefelter
tall, reduced body and facial hair, gynecomastia, small testes
trisomy of Y
modified klinefelters- chromatin negative
what are the 4 mechanisms of damage to fetus
- produce free radicals
- break chemical bonds
- new chemical bonds and cross-linkage
- damage molecules that regulate vital cell processes
risks to fetus
1st- most sensitive, can cause death
2nd- major organs
3rd- cell population depleted; leukemia
