Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
What are the two components of decision making?
Individual and group decision making
what are the theories of decision making?
Rational Comprehensive, incrementalism, mixed-scanning
what is the pluralist theory?
A theory of government where multiple competing groups share power and rule society.
what is the elite theory?
a small group possesses power and rules society
What are the three types of pluralism?
- Laissez faire
- Corporate pluralism
- Public pluralism
What was Dahl’s New Haven Connecticut study?
to examine how power is distributed in a democratic society
What is policy analysis?
An assessment of potential government decisions by governmental or affiliated actors.
what is the principle agent relationship?
principle=boss
agent=employee
What is style adaptability?
Style adaptability is the degree to which leader behavior is appropriate to the demands of the situations and followers
what are ways to handle the federal budget when the budget process fails?
continuing resolutions, Sequestration, reconciliation,
bureaucratic resistance
what is continuing resolutions?
type of appropriation used in congress to fund agencies when a formal appropriation bill has not passed
what is sequestration?
withholding budget authority by a set formula to meet deficit reduction targets.
what is reconciliation?
A congressional process to adjust laws to align with annual spending targets in the budget resolution.
what is bureaucratic resistance?
Administrative agency emphasis on incrementalism and political caution when dealing with newly seated leadership
what did the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 do?
Designed to curtail presidential impoundments
what is impoundment?
presidential prevention of the expenditure of funds
what are the types of budgeting?
- Line-item
- Performance
- Baseline
- Zero-based
what is line-item budgeting?
Illustrates where public money will be spent, item by item
what is performance budgeting?
Focused on meeting performance measures
what did baseline budgeting do?
Makes estimates of the future revenues that tax programs will generate
what did zero-based budgeting do?
Budgeting that requires agencies to justify all expenditures greater than zero
what is policing?
Proactive efforts to find problems
what is firefighting
Reaction to something that surfaces
what did the Sherman antitrust act do?
making it illegal to fix prices or monopolize and industry
what did the administrative procedure act of 1946 do?
Establishes processes for agency rule-making
Establishes standards for agency hearings
Requires most agency decisions be reviewable by courts
